Lala Alawiyah Siti Maesaroh Sri Maryanah Risma Novila

MORPHOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY
What is Morphological Productivity?

Morphological productivity is the property of a morphological process to give rise new formation o a systematic basis. For example in English plural: Cat cats Dog dogs Mouse mice Child children

Productivity and Structure: Negative Prefixes in English

Productivity is not structural, but it can affect

structure. Negative Prefixes in English according to Zimmer, there are three of them, non-, un-, and in-. For example : non-christian unchristian Non-human inhuman

Degrees of Productivity
Phonological constraints

the segmental make-up of the base (Modern Hebrew suffix le) Example: ba father bale daddy the suprasegmental make-up of the base (English al) Example: arrival, denial, revival the number of syllables (Suffix ish) Example: greenish

 Morphological constraints

structural requirements on the base (English suffixes only attaches to unsuffixed bases) requirements on the base to belong to a certain class. Example: suffix adoros (Modern Greek) Kombina trick kombinadoros trickster

 Syntactic constraints

the lexical category of the base. Example: English reReact, Reapply, Relocate.

 Semantic constraints

the referent of ee must be sentient the referent must lack volitional control there must be an episodic link between the referent and the stem For example: lease lessee Recover recoveree

 Blocking

Blocking prevents a potential form because of the existence of an actual form. *childs, *oxes, *gooses are blocked by children, oxen, geese. the Elsewhere Condition is a default rule that applies if no other rules apply

Salience and Productivity

Language users can choose to use an unproductive word formation process to give the resulting word form more salience. Example: productivity Productiveness

Testing Productivity
English suffix

actual words, like activity or assertiveness. possible words, like effervescivity or affirmativeness. non-words, like remortiveness or lugativity.

 The importance of hapax legomena

Hapax legomena is word that appear only once in a given corpus, preferably a large one. Example: chitchat Zigzag Handsome-dandsome

 Regular and irregular English past tense verb form

Subjects spoke aloud the past tense forms of regular verbs significantly faster than irregular verbs.

Thank you