Microwave Radio Relay Systems Seminar by Sugavanesh B

What is Microwave Radio Relay?

Have you ever noticed a cell phone tower?? If so , have you ever wondered what are those frustum (in informal way , kind of looking like white colored loud speakers) Well , actually they are our topic of study for the moment, Microwave Radio Relay !ystem" shapes of

Microwave Radio Relay

Microwave radio relay#is a technology for transmitting#digital#and#analog#signals, such as long$ distance#telephone calls#and the relay of#television#programs to transmitters, %etween two locations on a#line of sight#radio path& In#microwave#radio relay,#radio waves#are transmitted %etween the two locations with#directional antennas, forming a fi'ed radio connection %etween the two points& (ong#daisy$chained#series of such links form transcontinental telephone and)or television communication systems

*ormation + *unction ,f Microwave Relay

-s multiple chains of microwave radio relays are set up, they can form a microwave network& .ecause all of these relays occur within /lines of sight/ there is only a very narrow area that the radio wave passes through& 0hese antennas tend to %e installed at high elevations, so as to avoid o%stacles, %ecause each antenna needs to %roadcast long distances very accurately& 0his, however, allows for very economical use of radio power and allows for a narrower fre1uency range, due to less interference&

2lanning 3onsiderations
.ecause of the high fre1uencies used, a 1uasi$optical line of sight %etween the stations is generally re1uired& -dditionally, in order to form the line of sight connection %etween the two stations, the first#*resnel 4one must %e free from o%stacles so the radio waves can#propagate#across a nearly uninterrupted path& ,%stacles in

Over-horizon microwave radio relay

In over$hori4on, or#tropospheric scatter, microwave radio relay, unlike a standard microwave radio relay link, the sending and receiving antennas do not use a line of sight transmission path& Instead, the stray signal transmission, known as /tropo $ scatter/ or simply /scatter,/ from the sent signal is picked up %y the receiving station& !ignal clarity o%tained %y this method depends on the weather and other factors, and as a result a high level of technical difficulty is involved in the creation of a relia%le over hori4on radio relay link& ,ver hori4on radio relay links are therefore only used where standard radio relay links are unsuita%le (for e'ample, in providing a#microwave link#to an island)&

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3lick to edit Master te't styles !econd level 0hird level *ourth level *ifth level

,verlook ,f Microwave Fetworks

Microwave networks were originally populari4ed in the <C;:7s as a way of transmitting long distance calls, as well as television signals %etween continents& Euring the <C;:s the#-0+0 3ommunications#system of microwave radio grew to carry the ma?ority of G!#(ong Eistance#telephone traffic, as well as intercontinental#television network signals& 0he prototype was called 0EH which was set up %etween Few Iork and .oston in <CA9& 0he 0EH was improved to the 0E, then later to the 0E8 that used solid state electronics& 0he main motivation in <CA> to use microwave radio instead of ca%le was that a large capacity could %e installed 1uickly and at less cost& It was e'pected that this would %e cheap& 0here were two main reasons that a large capacity had to %e introduced suddenly5 2ent up demand for long distance telephone service, %ecause of the hiatus during the war years& the new medium of television, which needed more %andwidth than radio& .y <C@:s the technology lost its share of fi'ed operation to newer

0hank IouJJ