HEALTH PROMOTION, HEALTH EDUCATION & HEALTH BEHAVIOUR

Theories, Practice & Research RST- FK-UWKS, 2012

HEALTH PROMOTION (HP) & HEALTH EDUCATION (HE), ( D I G N A N , 1 9 9 2 )

PROMOSI KESEHATAN (HP): Konsep luas terkait suatu proses untuk menganjurkan agar sehat yang meliputi pendidikan, perubahan lingkungan yang kondusif, peraturan (PerDa, Tata Tertib, dll), pergeseran norma, nilai yg ada. Fokus HP pada individu, kelompok, organisasi, masyarakat luas. PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN (HE): Proses Pendidikan dengan maksud berdampak positif pada status kesehatan. HE terutama diarahkan untuk mengubah Pengetahuan ( Knowledge ), sikap ( Attitude ), dan Tindakan Praktek ( Practice ).
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HEALTH EDUCATION & HEALTH BEHAVIOUR THEORIES

Behavior (B) = f (K.A.P) K & A: covert behaviour

ATTITUDES : 1. Cognitive aspect 2. Affective aspect 3. Conative aspect (Psychomotor).

PRACTICES: Overt

behavior
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CHANGES to BLOOMS A NEW VERSION of the Cognitive Taxonomy

1956
NOUN1956

2001

EVALUATION SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS APPLICATION

NOUN1 956

CREATE

EVALUATE ANALYZE APPLY

COMPR EHENSI ON

COMPREHENSI ON

COMPREHENSION KNOWLEDGE
KNOWL EDGE

UNDERSTAND
REMEMBER

KNOWLEDGE

NOUN Taksonomi Bloom, sumber Wilson 2006

to Verb Form

THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL, COMPONENTS & LINKAGES

Modifying factors Individual PERCEPTION Perceived Susceptibility/ Severity of disease Perceived threat of disease Perceived benefits Minus Perceived barriers to behavior change
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Likelihood to action Cues to action: -Education -Symptoms, illness -Media information

Age, sex, ethnicity Personality Socioeconomics Knowledge Attitude, Culture (values, Norms)

Likelihood of Behavior change

KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS OF HBM

Perceived susceptibility: ones opinion of chances of getting a condition Perceived severity : ones opinion of how serious a condition and its sequelae are Perceived barriers : ones opinion of tangible & psychological costs of advised action Perceived benefits: ones opinion of the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact. Cues to action: Strategies to activate one s readiness Self-efficacy: One s confidence in one s ability to take action
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PRECEDE- PROCEED FRAMEWORK OF HP -PLANNING

( L . W. G R E E N & K R E U T E R , 2 0 0 0 )

Phase 5 HEALTH PROMOTION Health EDUCATION

Phase 4
PREDISPOSING factors

Phase 3

Phase 2

Phase 1

PRECEDE
REINFORCING factors BEHAVIOR & Lifestyle

HEALTH POLICY Regulation group

Quality Of LIFE

ENABLING factors

ENVIRONMENT

Phase 9 PROCEED

Phase 6

Phase 7

Phase 8
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HEALTH BEHAVIOR = F (P R E . E N . R E . ) ( L.W.GREEN).

PREDISPOSING FACTORS:
NORMS, VALUES, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, SOCIOECONOMICS, PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS

ENABLING FACTORS:
COMPETENCY HARD SKILL , SOFT SKILL, HEALTH FACILITY ( Availability, Acessability, Acceptability, Affordability).

REINFORCING FACTORS: Health Providers, Community/ spiritual Leaders, Peers, Husband / Wife/ Child Children).
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Hygiene-Motivation Factors
(Two-factor theory)

Motivation factors : adalah faktor pekerjaan yang keberadaannya dapat menimbulkan kepuasan Hygiene factors : adalah faktor lingkungan kerja yang ketidakberadaannya dapat menimbulkan ketidakpuasan.

Faktor kepuasan kerja (F.Herzberg) )

Faktor penentu kepuasan: ( Motivation factors ) Achievement. (Prestasi) Recognition. (Pengakuan) Work itself. (Sifat Pekerjaan) Responsibility. (Tanggung Jawab) Advancement. (Kemajuan/ Promosi/Pengembangan )

Faktor kepuasan kerja (F.Herzberg) Penyebab ketidakpuasan: ( Hygiene factors ) Policy (Kebijakan) Salary (Gaji) Working conditions (Kondisi pekerjaan) Interpersonal relations (Hubungan antar individu) Supervision (Pengawasan)

DIGNANS PROGRAM PLANNING

Community Analysis
Targeted Assessment Evaluation
Program Plan Development

Implementation
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ADOPTION & DIFFUSION OF INOVATION PROCESS IN THE COMMUNITY

RST-FK-UWKS-2012

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ADOPTION PROCESS (ROGERS ET AL, 1971)

A I E T A

WARENESS NTEREST VALUATION RIAL DOPTION

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STAGES IN THE INNOVATION-DECISION PROCESS (ROGERS ET AL, 1983).

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

K NOWLEDGE P ERSUASION D ECISION I MPLEMENTATION C ONFIRMATION

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STAGES IN THE INNOVATION-DECISION PROCESS (ROGERS ET AL, 1983).

Communication Channels
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE CONDITION 1. Previous practice 2. Felt needs /problems Charact. Of 3. Innovativene the Decision ss making unit: 4. Norms of the 1.Socecon, soc.syastem 2.Personality 3.Communcati on behavior

PERSUASION Perceived Charact of the Innovation:

1Relative advantage 2.Compatibility 3.Complexity 4.Trialability 5.Observability

DECISION

1.Adoption 2.Rejection
Contd16

STAGES in the INNOVATION-DECISION PROCESS

COMMUNICATION CHANNELS

III. DECISION

IV. IMPLEMENTATION

V. CONFIRMATION

Adoption

Continued Adoption Later Adoption Discontinuance Continued Rejection

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Rejection

ATTRIBUTES OF INNOVATION & THEIR RATE OF ADOPTION

1. RELATIVE ADVANTAGE 2. COMPATIBILITY 3. COMPLEXITY 4. TRIALABILITY 5. OBSERVABILITY

RELATIVE ADVANTAGE Economic. Aspect Status aspect Effect of Incentive s COMPATIBILIT Y: with Values & beliefs Needs Rate of Adoption Positioning of innovation
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ADOPTER CATEGORIES AS IDEAL T YPES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

INNOVATORS : Venturesome EARLY ADOPTERS :Respectable EARLY MAJORITY : Deliberate LATE MAJORITY : Skeptical LAGGARDS : Traditional
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. DIGNAN, Mark B, Patricia A.Carr, 1992. PROGRAM PLANNING FOR HEALTH EDUCATION AND PROMOTION, 2 nd ed.Lea & Febiger, USA. 2. GLANZ, KAREN, FRANCES MARCUS LEWIS, BARBARA K.RIMER editors,1997. HEALTH BEHAVIOR & HEALTH EDUCATION. Theory, Research, and Practice, 2 nd ed. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San franscisco 3. Rogers, Everett M,1983. DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS, 3 rd ed. The Free Press NY& Collier Macmillan Publishers.London.
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TRIMAKASIH
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