Sports Injury Assessment

Chapter 4 or 5

Injury Evaluation Process

Symptom: Athletes perception of his or her injury. Sign: Objective, measurable physical finding regarding the individuals condition. HOPS- History Observation Palpation Special tests SOAP- Subjective Objective Assessment Plan.

HOPS- History

History: Attitude, mental condition, and perceived physical state.

Stated by the athlete. Primary Complaint Mechanism of Injury Characteristics of the Symptoms Limitations Past History

HOPS- Observation and Inspection

Observation: Measurable objective signs.

Appearance Symmetry General Motor Function Posture and Gait Deformity, swelling, discoloration, scars, and general skin condition

HOPS- Palpation

Rule out FX (fracture) Skin temperature Swelling Point tenderness Crepitus Deformity Muscle spasm

HOPS- Palpation

Cutaneous Sensation (nail bed refill) Pulse

HOPS- Special Tests

Functional Tests

Active Range of Motion (AROM) Passive Range of Motion (PROM) Resisted Manual Muscle Testing (RROM) Ligamentous Instability Tests Special Tests

Stress Tests

HOPS- Special Tests

Neurologic Tests

Dermatomes Myotomes Reflexes Peripheral Nerve Testing

Sport-Specific Functional Testing

Proprioception and Motor Coordination

HOPS- Special Tests

Sport-Specific Skill Performance

Throw the football, baseball, softball, javelin... Kick the soccer ball, football, opponent Macarena, Cabbage Patch, Mash Potato

SOAP- Subjective

History: Attitude, mental condition, and perceived physical state.

Stated by the athlete. Primary Complaint Mechanism of Injury Characteristics of the Symptoms Limitations Past History

SOAP- Objective:

Observation: Measurable objective signs.

Appearance Symmetry General Motor Function Posture and Gait Deformity, swelling, discoloration, scars, and general skin condition

SOAP- Objective

Rule out FX (fracture) Skin temperature Swelling Point tenderness Crepitus Deformity Muscle spasm

Cutaneous Sens. Pulse

SOAP- Objective

Functional Tests

Active Range of Motion (AROM) Passive Range of Motion (PROM) Resisted Manual Muscle Testing (RROM) Ligamentous Instability Tests Special Tests

Stress Tests

SOAP- Objective

Neurologic Tests

Dermatomes Myotomes Reflexes Peripheral Nerve Testing

Sport-Specific Functional Testing

Proprioception and Motor Coordination

SOAP- Objective

Sport-Specific Skill Performance

Throw the football, baseball, softball, javelin... Kick the soccer ball, football, opponent Macarena, Cabbage Patch, Mash Potato

SOAP- Assessment

Analyze and assess the individuals status and prognosis Suspected injury Site Damaged Structures Involved Severity of Injury Progress Notes

SOAP- Plan
1. 2.

3. 4.

Immediate treatment given Frequency and duration of treatments and modalities and evaluation On-going patient education Criteria for discharge/return to play

On The Field Assessment

History:

Location of Pain Presence of abnormal neurological signs Mechanism of Injury Associated sounds (snap, crack, pop)

On The Field Assessment cont.

Observation:

Check the surrounding area Body positioning Movement of the athlete Level of responsiveness Primary survey Inspection for head or neck trauma Inspection of the injured body part

On The Field Assessment cont.

Palpation

Joints Bones Soft tissue Skin temperature

On The Field Assessment cont.

Functional Testing

Active Range of Motion (AROM) Passive Range of Motion (PROM) Resistive Range of Motion (RROM) Weight Bearing

On The Field Assessment cont.

Stress Testing

Ligamentous stability

Neurological Testing

Cutaneous Motor

On The Field Assessment cont.

Vital Signs

Pulse Respiratory Rate Blood Pressure Temperature Skin Color Pupils Disposition

On The Field Assessment cont.

Moving the Athlete

Ambulatory Assist Manual Conveyance Spine Board Pool Extraction

Physician Ordered Tests

Blood Test Radiographs Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Radionuclide Scintigraph (Bone Scan) Ultrasonic Imaging Electromyography