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CHAPTER:-1

Software Testing Background

What is BUG?
Terms For Software Failures:-

Defect Fault Problem

Variance Failure

Inconsistency
Feature Bug

Error
Incident Anomaly

FORMAL DEFINATION
1. Software does not do something that product specification says it should. 2. Software does do something that product specification says it should not do. 3. Software does do something that product specification do mention. 4. Software does not do something that product specification does not mention but it should. 5. Software is difficult to understand, hard to use & slow.

WHY DO BUGS OCCURES?

Specification
Design Coding Testing

FIGURE:-Bugs are caused for numerous reasons, but the main cause can be traced to the specification.

The Cost of Bugs:-

FIGURE :-The cost to fix bugs increases dramatically over time.

What Exactly Does a Software Tester Do?


The goal of a software tester is to find bugs. The goal of a software tester is to find bugs, and find them as early as possible.

The goal of a software tester is to find bugs, find them as early as possible, and make sure they get fixed.

What Makes a Good Software Tester?

explorers. trouble-shooters. relentless.

perfectionists.

exercise good judgment.


tactful and diplomatic. persuasive.

creative.

What Effort Goes Into a Software Product?


Specifications

Customer Requirements
Schedules Software Design Documents

Architecture Data Flow Diagram. State Transition Diagram. Flowchart Commented Code. Test Documents
Test cases test plan Bug reports Metrics, statistics

FIGURE : A lot of hidden effort goes into a software product.

What Parts Make Up a Software Product?

Help files Users manual Samples and examples Labels and stickers Product support

Info Icons and art Error messages Ads and marketing material Setup and installation Readme file

FIGURE:-The software floppy disk or CD-ROM is just one of the many pieces that make up a software product.

Software Project Staff


Project managers, program managers Architects or system engineers Programmers

Testers
Technical writers Configuration management or builder

Software Development Lifecycle Models

Big-Bang

Code-and-Fix
Waterfall Spiral

Big-Bang Model:-

FIGURE :-The big-bang model is by far the simplest method of software development.

Code-and-Fix Model:-

FIGURE:-The code-and-fix model repeats until someone gives up.

Waterfall Model:-

FIGURE:-The software development process flows from one step to the next in the waterfall model.

Spiral Model:-

FIGURE:-The spiral model starts small and gradually expands as the project becomes better defined and gains stability.

Testing Axioms:-

Its Impossible to Test a Program Completely

The number of possible inputs is very large.


The number of possible outputs is very large. The number of paths through the software is very large. The software specification is subjective. You might say that a bug is in the eye of the beholder.

EXAMPLE:-

FIGURE:-Even a simple program such as the Windows Calculator is too complex to completely test.

Software Testing Is a Risk-Based Exercise:-

FIGURE:-Every software project has an optimal test effort.

Testing Cant Show That Bugs Dont Exist

The More Bugs You Find, the More Bugs There Are

Programmers have bad days. Programmers often make the same mistake. Some bugs are really just the tip of the iceberg.

The Pesticide Paradox:-

FIGURE:-Software undergoing the same repetitive tests eventually builds up resistance to them.

ANY QUERY?

THANK YOU!

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