PLANNING HISTORY

FRAMEWORK
THEORIES OF URBAN ORIGIN

1. ENVIRONMENTAL THEORIES

2. TRADE THEORIES

3. MILITARY THEORIES

4. RELIGIOUS THEORIES

5. TECHNOLOGICAL THEORIES
TYPOLOGIES OF URBAN AREAS
BY ORIGIN
• 1.   PRIMARY
• Mesopotamia
• Indus
• Nile
• Andes
• 2.   SECONDARY
• S. E Asia
• Europe
• America
3.   TRANSPLANTED ( Imperial/ Colonial Extension)
• Roman Towns
• Towns in Third World.
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
• ORGANIC
• PLANNED
• MIXED

URBAN MORPHOLOGY DETERMINANTS
1.ENVIRONMENTAL
• Topography
• Climate
• Construction Materials

2. MAN MADE DETERMINANTS
• Economy
• Polity
• Religion
• Defense
• Aesthetic
• Planning/Legislation
• Social, Religious ,
• Ethnic Groupings
• Technology
• Leisure
TECHNOLOGY
a. Irrigation Technology

b. Transport Technology
-Wheel
-Ship
-Steam ship
-Automobile
-Locomotives

c. Building Technology
- Wall
- Water supply
- Sewerage

d. Defense Technology
-Gun Powder

e. Communication Technology
 PLANNING HISTORY
FRAMEWORK
• ENVIRONMENT

• TECHNOLOGY

• SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• POLITICAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM

• IDEOLOGY

• INSTITUTIONS
 MERCANTILE INDUSTRIAL POST-INDUSTRIAL
PRE MERCANTILE
S Few Number Very High High Urbanization And
C Small Increase Growth, Physical Stabilization
A Scattered Medium And Population Decentralization Small
L Environmentally Less Dependent Size And
E Determined On Environment ButDiverse Impact Environmental
Still Sustainable On Environment Concerns Therefore
Less Impact.

T
E Simple Fire Power Industrial Tech., Information
C Irrigation Tpt. Tech., water Mfg. (Computer/Telecommuni
H Wheel Tpt., Auto., cation)
N Loco., Clean Technology
O Construct.
L
O
G
Y
 PRE MERCANTILE INDUSTRIAL POST
MERCANTILE INDUSTRIAL
S  Primitive  Feudal  Industrial  Post Industrial
O Socialism  Lords  Industrialist  Service
C  Kings  Clergy  Traders Professional
I  Religious Head  Merchants  Politicians +Other Industrial
A  Citizens  Artisans  Bureaucrats category.
L  Slaves  Commoners  “Workers”  “Change In The
”Serfs” Nature Of
Workers ”
STRTIFI
CATION

 Palace  Church  Industrial  Decreasing Role

INSTITU  Military  Guild Association/ Guild Of State/Plural
TIONS  Fort/ Castles  State  Civil Society
 Parliamentary Institutions
Democracy  Institutions
 Trade Union Related To
Finance And
Information
 Market
Institution/
Multinationals
 POST-INDUSTRIAL
PRE MERCANTILE MERCANTILE INDUSTRIAL

M / Public  Enclosed/  Revivalism/  Stock Exchange

O Space/Market/”Agora”/ Wall Baroque  Telecommunicatio
R “Forum”/”Citadel” ( Changing  Factories/ n-
P  Grid Plan/ Unplanned function of Tenements/  Urban Sprawl Less
H Land Use Based On Social the Slums/Suburbs  Land Use
O Rank. Wall)/Church / Sprawl Environmentally
L Multiple Use Of Land /Market  Land Use Determined
O Social Segregation, Rich/  Grid/ Star Functional  Revitalization
G Poor, Ethnic, Occupation,  Land Use  Land And /Conservation
Y Kinship Functional Housing  Suburbs Important.
 Rich In The center Poor  Land As Commodities
Periphery Private  Poor In The
Property Centre Rich
 Church / Periphery
Guild Hall /  Work Place
Market Home
Central Dislocation
 Segregation  Change In
Occupation Employer
Based Employee
Relationship
 PRE MERANTILE MERCANTILE INDUSTRIAL POST INDUSTRIAL
EC Rural- Land Based Diversification “ Trade” Diversification Diversification
ONLess Diversified Home based Activities High Specialization Tertiary
O Multifunctional Multifunctional Specialization Sector.
M Local Regional Industry, Trade Production Organ. Change
Y National Global.

 Few Planned Urban ,  Early Period Chaotic  Physical  Urban Management:

P Roman Later Period Super Planning  Concern More For
L  Some Imp. Function Imposition Of Oriented People And
A Planned Planned On  Imp. Role Of Environment
N Hippodamus: Building Unplanned The State  Enhanced Role Of The
N Bye Laws, “”.  Rich Oriented Less Top Down Market/ People/ Plural
I  Plan Reflection Of Concerned With Poor  Rational  Planners And The
N Power: King, Religion  Plan Reflection Of Planning : State Facilitators
etc Power: Lords/ Physical  Planning Not The End
G
Church/ Traders Institutional But A Process
 Later Period: Utopia, New  Transnational Planning
Revivalism Town System
 Regional
Planning