POLICY

IMPLEMENTATION

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
DEFINITIONS Implementation involves all of the activities designed to carry out the policies enacted by the legislative branch. These activities include the creation of new organizations departments, agencies bureaus, or the assignments of new responsibilities to the existing organizations. Thomas R. Dye It forms a bridge that allows the objectives of the public policy to be achieved as outcomes of governmental activity

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
DEFINITIONS
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ENCOMPASSES THOSE ACTIONS BY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS THAT ARE DIRECTED AT THE ACHIEVEMENT OF GOALS AND OBJECTIVES SET FORTH IN PRIOR POLICY DECISIONS
Van Meter and Van Horn

IMPLEMENTATION AS SEQUENCE OF EVENTS TRIGGERED

OFF BY A POLICY DECISION, INVOLVING THE TRANSLATION OF POLICY INTO OPERATIONAL TASKS TO BE CARRIED OUT BY A VARIETY OF FACTORS AND AGENCIES, AND SUBSTANTIAL COORDINATING ACTIVITY TO ENSURE THAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE AND THAT THINGS

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
ELEMENTS OF IMPLEMENTATION

CLARITY OF GOALS ADEQUATE RESOURCES CAPACITY OF PERMANENT EXECUTIVE MECHANISM OF COORDINATION POLITICAL AND JUDICIAL SUPPORT

CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION

The policy should contain unambiguous directives and structures of the implementation process Leaders of implementation agencies possess substantial managerial and political skill and professional knowledge The policy is actively supported by organized constituency groups, legislature and judiciary The relative priority of statutory objectives is not significantly undermined over time by the emergence of conflicting public polices or by change in relevant socioeconomic conditions that undermine the statute's technical theory or political

APPROACHES TO POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

1.TOP- DOWN MODEL

IDEAL IMPLEMENTAION IS PRODUCT OF ARMY LIKE ORGANISATION WITH CLEAR LINES OF AUTHORITY

NORMS WOULD BE ENFORCED AND OBJECTIVES ARE PROVIDED

PEOPLE ARE EXPECTED TO DO WHAT THEY ARE TOLD PERFECT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN UNITS OF THE ORGANISATIONS

APPROACHES TO POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

2.BOTTOM- UP MODEL IT UNDERLINES THE IMPORTANCE OF INITIATIVES COMING FROM THE BOTTOM LEADING TO EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTAION

THIS HAS ASSUMED IMPORTANCE AS IN RECENT TIMES DUE TO DELEGATED LEGISLATION EXECUTIVES HAVE GOT MUCH DISCRETION IN FARMING RULES AND REGULATIONS HAVING DIRECT BEARING ON IMPLEMENTATION

APPROACHES TO POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

3.POLICY ACTION MODEL

IT IS A BEHAVIOURAL MODEL VIEWING IMPLEMENTAION AS ACTION BY ACTORS WHICH IS CONSTRAINED BY THE WORLD OUTSIDE THEIR ORGANISATIONS MORE EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON ISSUES OF POWER AND DEPENDENCE, INTERESTS, MOTIVATIONS AND BEHAVIOURS

APPROACHES TO POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

4. MANAGERIALIST APPROACHES

UNDER THIS APPROACH , THERE IS EMPHASIS ON APPLICATION OF MANAGERIAL APPROACHES LIKE I) OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT ,II) CORPORATE MANAGEMENT , AND III) PERSONNEL MAMANGEMENT

THIS APPROACH ARGUES FOR MARKET DRIVEN DECENTRALISATION PROCESS EMPHASING SHIFT FROM HIERARCHY TO PARTICIPATION AND TEAMWORK

1. ROLE OF LEGISLATURE IN IMPLEMENTATION

PARLIAMENTARY QUESTIONS ADJOURNMENT MOTIONS FINANCIAL CONTROL (BUDGET) SHORT DURATION DISCUSSIONS LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEES COMPTROLLER & AUDITOR GENERAL

2. ROLE OF EXECUTIVE IN IMPLEMENTATION

TRADITIONALLY IT WAS VIEWD THAT POLITICAL EXECUTIVE MAKES POLICIES AND PERMANENT EXECUTIVE IMPLEMENTS POLICIES
IN PARLIAMENTARY FORM OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT , POLITICAL EXECUTIVE IS RESPONSIBLE TO PARLIAMENT FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLCIES

ROLE OF EXECUTIVE IN IMPLEMENTATION

ROLE OF PERMANENT EXECUTIVE :

SEEK GUIDANCE AND HELP FROM POLITICAL EXECUTIVE RESIST UNCALLED PRESSURES OF POLITICAINS, SOCIAL LEADERS AND INTEREST GROUPS TO HAVE CLEAR UNDERSATNDING OF POLICY STATEMENT, ITS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES TO FORM PUBLIC OPINION THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL CHANNELS TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE MONITORING AND EVALUATION

ROLE OF EXECUTIVE IN IMPLEMENTATION

ROLE OF PERMANENT EXECUTIVE : ADMINSTARTIVE REFORMS COMMISSION LAID DOWN THE FOLLWING NORMS :

THE OBLIGATIONS OF EVERY PUBLIC SERVANT TO IMPLEMENT FAITHFULLY ALL POLICIES AND DECISIONS OF THE MINISTERS EVEN IF THESE BE CONTRARY TO THE ADVICE TENDERED BY HIM FREEDOM OF PUBLIC SERVANTS TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES FRANKLY BY TENDERING ADVICE TO THEIR SUPERIORS INCLUDING MINISTERS

OBSERVANCE BY PUBLIC SERVANTS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF

NEUTRALITY, IMPARTIALITY AND ANONYMITY

ROLE OF EXECUTIVE IN IMPLEMENTATION

ROLE OF POLITICAL EXECUTIVE :

REPRESENTING THE GOVERNMENT POLICY WITHIN ADMINSTRATION EXERCISING STATUTORY POWERS GURANTEED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION PROVIDING LEADERSHIP AND EXERCISE CONTROL OVER PERMANENT EXECUTIVE IN IMPLEMENTAION

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

ROLE OF JUDICIARY
CLARIFYING THE PROVISIONS OF POLICY OR BILL IN CASE THOSE ARE VAGUE AND SUSCEPTIBLE TO DIFFERENT INTERPRETAIONS PASSING JUDEGEMENTS ON THE ACTIONS TAKEN DURING IMPLEMENTAION INCROACHING RIGHTS OF THE CITIZEN OR AGAINST THE SPIRIT OF CONSTITUTION JUDICIARY HAS POWER TO STRIKE SUBORDINATE OR ADMINSTRATIVE LEGISLATION ADMINISTARTIVE TRIBUNAL CREATED TO ABJUDICATE DISPUTES REGARDING EXECUTION OF ACT OR POLICY

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

ROLE OF NGOs
TO SUPPLEMENT GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES TO SERVE AS EYES AND EARS OF THE VILLAGERS TO ACTIVATE AND IMPROVE RESPONSIVENESS OF THE DELIVERY SYSTEM TO MEET THE FELT NEED OF THE POOR TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION ABOUT SAILENT FEATURES OF THE GOVERNMENT POLICY TO MOBILISE AND ORGANISE THE POOR TO DEMAND QUALITY SERVICE AND IMPOSE A SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GRASSROOT GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONARIES