Basic Facts on STI/HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS and STIs

STI (Sexually Transmitted Infections) are
infections contracted by a person due to sexual contact with an infected person Common STIs include:
Gonorrhea Syphilis Genital ulcer Genital warts Chlamydia Chanchriod Genital herpes HIV

Some Signs & Symptoms of STI

For WOMEN Pain in your lower belly Sores in & around the vagina Pain during intercourse Vaginal discharge For MEN Pus coming out from the penis Open sore any where in the genital area Pain or burning when urinating

WHAT IS HIV?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Human: Infecting Human Beings Immunodeficiency: Decrease or weakness in the Virus:
bodys ability to fight off infections and illnesses A pathogen having the ability to replicate only inside a living cell

HIV VIRUS
HIV is a virus that hides in the blood, seminal fluid or genital tract of infected people
It makes people sick by attacking their immune system and leads to AIDS

What is AIDS?
Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome

A I D
S

= Acquired, not inherited = Weakens the Immune system

Deficiency of certain white blood cells in = the immune system Syndrome, a group of symptoms or = illnesses as a result of HIV infection

WHAT IS AIDS
Occurs when the immune system of a person is extremely weak. He/she can have:

1.Lab count of CD4 cells < 350

1.Presence of opportunistic infections e.g. Tuberculosis, Candida esophagitis, Kaposis Sarcoma or PCP Pneumonia These infections occur as the individuals

HIV/AIDS: What is the Difference?

HIV
Is the infection state
(immune system gradually breaks down)

No physical /identifiable indication on the infected person He/she can still carry on with life normally
(plan for marriage, involve in politics; attend functions; go to work school, church, mosque, etc)

Still appears healthy and strong

HIV/AIDS: What is the Difference?

(continued)

AIDS
This is the disease state
AIDS symptoms begin to become identifiable opportunistic infections start to develop The individual becomes weak, sick and unable to carry on with normal daily activities

HIV-1 and HIV-2

HIV-1 and HIV-2
Transmitted through the same routes
Associated with similar opportunistic infections

HIV-1 is more common worldwide.

HIV-2 is found primarily in West Africa, Mozambique and Angola.

HIV-1 and HIV-2

Differences between HIV-1 and HIV-2
HIV-2 is less easily transmitted. HIV-2 develops more slowly. Mother to child transmission is relatively

rare with HIV-2.

WAYS OF TRANSMISSION
1. Unprotected Sexual Intercourse with an infected partner 2. Blood and Blood products (Infected needles sharp objects or blood transfusion) 3. Infected mother-to-child transmission (during Pregnancy, Delivery or Breastfeeding)

WAYS HIV IS NOT TRANSMITTED

Through coughing Sharing the toilet Touching/shaking of hands Eating from the same dish Mosquitoes Water Saliva Sharing clothes

HOW QUICKLY DOES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BECOME WEAK FROM HIV

Some people can have HIV for years and have no noticeable signs of AIDS
Others can become infected with HIV and develop symptoms of AIDS within Months This difference is unpredictable and depends on the clients own immune system and its reaction to HIV

SIGNS OF AIDS & AIDS RELATED DISEASES

Some signs of AIDS Wasting/weight loss Fever Prolonged diarrhea Prolonged cough Fungal infections of the mouth & throat Kaposis Sarcoma Herpes Zooster Skin Infections AIDS-related diseases Different types of Pneumonias Different types of cancers

COMMON SIGNS/SYMPTOMS OF AIDS

WASTING SYNDROME ORAL CANDIDIASIS

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

KAPOSIS SARCOMA
TB WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

HIV/AIDS: Common Terms

Window Period:
This is the time it takes the body to produce measurable amount of antibodies after infection. This could range between 6 weeks to 6 months. During this period a screening test for HIV would test negative

Asymptomatic Period:
The period of time between infection and the beginning of signs and symptoms related to AIDS

Prevention of HIV Transmission

Public health strategies to prevent HIV transmission
ABC Abstinence, Be faithful, Consistent and correct use of condom

Screen all blood and blood products.

Follow universal precautions. Educate in safer sex practises. Identify and treat STIs. Provide referral for treatment of drug dependence.

Apply the comprehensive PMTCT approach

Risk of STI Transmission per Episode of Unprotected Vaginal Intercourse

%
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Gonorrhea Chlamydia Chancroid Hepatitis B

Women Men