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INTRODUCTION
The term caisson has been derived from the French word CAISSEE, meaning BOX.
It can be round or rectangle in plan. It is commonly used where foundation under water is done. It can sunk from surface of either land or water to the desired depth.
TYPES OF CAISSON
Open caisson
Box caisson
Pneumatic caisson
OPEN CAISSON
Also called as well caisson. They are open at both the ends. These are boxes of timber, steel or R.C or masonry. Small caisson consists of one opening or well, while larger one contain a series of wells.
PROCEDURE
The caisson is cast and flatted to the site and sunk.
When it reaches the required depth concrete is deposited through water to some depth.
After the concrete gets hardened, the water will be pumped out. The caisson is finally filled completely with concrete.
BOX CAISSON
PROCEDURE
The caisson is built on land, then launched and brought to the site where they have to be sunk.
They are filled with concrete or stone masonry and sunk until it rests on the river bed, which has been prepared to receive it, or on a pile cluster to form a lower part of a bridge pier.
TOWING OF CAISSON
PNEUMATIC CAISSON
Pneumatic" means "with air" Caisson" means "a box
The pneumatic caisson method works on the same principle as a cup pressed into some water upside down
3.RIGGING
APPLICATIONS
The Pneumatic Caisson Method is used for many different structures: Foundations of road and railway bridges Subway tunnels facilities
OTHER TYPES
There are few more methods in caisson foundation.
Jacking caisson method is to sink large scale caisson thruster into ground by using jacks with rods connected to earth anchor.
Intake shaft of 14 meter . is thrusted in the ground at 50.7 meter below by using 12 jacks of 240 ton thrust force. The caisson itself is constructed on the ground by each rot of 5 meter.
Dimension of 26x19 meter is sunk by 8 jacks in the ground depth 18.5 meter, while inside of caisson is excavated by clam shell
The SS caisson method gently and accurately install the caisson in non-loading. The problem of the conventional open caisson method is solved.