Health, Safety & Environment

(CBB 2012 & CCB 2012)

HSE MOVEMENT YESTERDAY AND TODAY THE HISTORY, THE TRAGEDIES AND THE COSTS ONE HAS TO PAY
Dr. Nurlidia Mansor nurlidia_mansor@petronas.com.my

LEARNING OUTCOME
understand how health and safety movement developed throughout history Identify key players and civilizations that contributed Impact of Industrial Revolution High Profile Tragedies/Disaster Worldwide Accident Statistics and Occupational Injuries

History
Indus Valley Civilization
3600BC Large and complex hill citadels, housing palaces, granaries, and bath houses Well-planned towns, laid out in rectangular patterns Two-storied and spacious houses. Drainage systems that led into brick-lined sewers in the town streets.

Maya Civilization
2000BC Shares many features with other Mesoamerican civilizations - high degree of interaction and cultural diffusion Outside influences in art & architecture, - possibly a result from trade and cultural exchange rather than conquest.

History
Incas Civilization
13th century Ranking in society - the Inca, the royal family, tribal leaders, clans and squads. Inca arts, with pottery and textiles reflecting motifs in architecture. eg the capital city of Cuzco.

Aztec Civilization
14th -16th century An empire ruled by indirect means. - more a system of tribute than a single system of government. Informal or hegemonic empire - it did not exert supreme authority over the conquered lands.

 Ancient Babylonians Ruler Hammurabi (2000BC) a JUST ruler, developed CODE

OF HAMMURABI
Egyption civilization produced temples & pyramids that still remains today Rameses II (1500BC) created for workers - industrial medical service, bathe daily, regular medical care and isolate the ill Romans Evidence of care for health & safety Constructed aqueducts, sewerage systems, public baths, latrines, ventilated houses

 The first modern mechanical cotton gin was created by American inventor Eli Whitney in 1793, and patented in 1794

QUESTION
Discuss the positive and negative impact of Industrial Revolution towards human and the environment.

The development of human civilization

Agriculture

Mining Industrial revolution / Scientific revolution

Modern era

The development of human civilization

The Impacts

Woman & Child labor

Public Health & Pollution

The Impacts

The Impacts

HSE Movement
Public activism did not rise with soil conservation in China, India, and Peru 2000 years ago; or the spread of epidemic disease in Europe between the late 14th century and the mid 16th century Late 19th century , the protection of the countryside in Europe and the wilderness in the United States and the health consequences of pollution during the Industrial Revolution - rise in concern about environmental problem Environmental organizations in the late 19th to the mid 20th century primarily middle-class lobbying groups - concerned with nature conservation, wildlife protection, and the pollution that arose from industrial development and urbanization - scientific organizations which concerned with natural history and with biological aspects of conservation efforts.

HSE Movement
Impacts of the Industrial Revolution in England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In 1802, public pressure forced the Government to pass the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act in Great Britain - It marked the beginning of government involvement in workplace safety.

HSE Movement
In the early 1900s, > 3200 people died in mining accidents in America In 1907, the U.S Department of Interior created the Bureau of Mines - to investigate mining accidents, examine health hazards, and make recommendation for improvements
.

HSE Movement
In 1908, an early form of workers compensation was introduced in US. The improvements in safety have been the result of the pressure for legislation - to promote safety and health costs associated with accidents and injuries - recognition that safety and health concerns rank in importance with production and quality.

HSE Movement

HSE Movement

HSE Movement
Establishment of green political movements in the form of activist non-governmental organizations and environmentalist political parties in beginning 1960s Environmentalism had become a global as well as a national political force by the late 1980s - significant international presence, with offices throughout the world and centralized international headquarters to coordinate lobbying campaigns and to serve as campaign centres and information clearinghouses for their national affiliate organizations.. Four pillars with a unifying theme to the broad goals of political ecology - protection of the environment - grassroots democracy - social justice - nonviolence.

Tragedies

Tragedies

Tragedies
On 25 April, before a routine shut-down, the reactor Chernobyl-4 was getting prepared for testing for performance under weak power supply - the fact is these reactors were known to be very unstable at low power settings.

Flow of coolant water decreased, power output increased, fuel elements ruptured, explosive force of steam lifted off the cover plate of the reactor, releasing fission products to the atmosphere.

Tragedies
A second explosion threw out fragments of burning fuel and graphite from the core and allowed air to enter, causing the graphite moderator to burst into flames.

The Reactor before the accident

Tragedies

The Reactor after the accident

Tragedies

Tragedies

ESSENTIAL ATTRIBUTES THAT AN ENGINEER OR TECHNOLOGISTS SHOULD HAVE TO AVOID TRAGEDIES SUCH AS THESE FROM HAPPENING.. EFFICIENT PUNCTUAL HARDWORKING THINK GLOBALLY RESPECT FOR HUMANITY RESPOSIBLE TOWARDS SOCIETY CARE ABOUT LIVE HONEST CAUTIOUS

ESSENTIAL ATTRIBUTES THAT AN ENGINEER OR TECHNOLOGISTS SHOULD HAVE TO AVOID TRAGEDIES SUCH AS THESE FROM HAPPENING.. Honesty Integrity Accountability Responsible Organized Awareness Knowledgeable On time/punctual Serious at work/no FB

QUESTION
The impact of radiation exposure such as Chernobyl are still evident until today. Based on the Figure given in the next slide, discuss the EFFECT this industrial tragedy have on humans and the environment. [6 marks]

Effect of Industrial Tragedies

LEARNING OUTCOME
understand how health and safety movement developed throughout history Identify key players and civilizations that contributed Impact of Industrial Revolution High Profile Tragedies/Disaster Worldwide Accident Statistics and Occupational Injuries

QUESTIONS
Which industrial sector has the highest statistics of occupational injuries? List down 10 occupational injuries/illnesses

Injury due to explosion Asma Burn Mutation Blindness Cancer

Occupational Injuries

Occupational Illnesses

The price to pay

LEARNING OUTCOME
understand how health and safety movement developed throughout history Identify key players and civilizations that contributed Impact of Industrial Revolution High Profile Tragedies/Disaster Worldwide Accident Statistics and Occupational Injuries