Professional Documents
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Peritoneal Cavity
Dr. Aldwin A. Yaneza
Dept of Anatomy
Terminology
Greek
Liver – hepar ex. hepatitis
Stomach – gaster ex gastric ulcer
Spleen - splen ex splenic artery
Diaphragm – phren ex phrenic nerve
Kidney – renes ex renal vein
Terminology
1. Peritoneum
2. Mesentery
3. Omentum
4. Peritoneal ligament
5. Peritoneal folds
6. Peritoneal recess
7. Omental bursa
1. PERITONEUM
Thin transparent serous
membrane
2 layers
1. Parietal - lining of abd.
wall
2. Visceral – covers the
viscera
Peritoneal fluid –
separates parietal &
visceral periton.
Lubricates peritoneal
surfaces, enables
viscera to move on
each other without
friction
Parietal
Visceral
2. MESENTERY
Double layer of peritoneum w/c encloses an organ and
connects it to abdominal wall
Contains fat, lymph nodes, BV, nerves going to viscus
Named after viscus it attaches
Stomach – mesogastrium
Transverse colon – transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid colon – mesosigmoid
Appendix – mesoappendix
Most mobile parts of intestine
Transverse colon, small intestine
None in retroperitoneal viscus
Ascending colon , kidney, parts of duodenum
Transverse mesocolon
mesosigmoid
3. OMENTUM
Double layered sheet or
fold of peritoneum
Attach the stomach to the
body wall or to other
abdominal organs
2 forms
Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
3a. Greater Omentum [ plt 252]
Fatty fold of peritoneum
Hangs fr stomach
Connects stomach w/
diaphragm, spleen and
transverse colon
Thin as paper in thin
persons
Thick and fat laden in
obese persons
Long enough to cover
whole abdomen [apron]
3b. Lesser Omentum
Plate 258
Connects lesser curve of
stomach and proximal
duodenum to liver
2 portions
1.Hepatogastric ligament
- Connects liver to stomach
2. Hepatoduodenal
- Connects liver to duodenum
4. Peritoneal Ligament [plt 255]
Double layer of peritoneum that
connects an organ with another
organ or with abdominal wall
May contain BV or remnants of
BV
Examples:
Splenocolic ligament- att
spleen to colon
Gastrosplenic ligament-
att stomach to spleen
5. Peritoneal folds
Reflection of peritoneum
w/ sharp borders
Often formed by
peritoneum that covers
blood vessels, ducts, and
obliterated BV
Ex. Umbilical folds
6. Peritoneal Recesses [plt 264]
Peritoneum folds to form a
blind pouches [cul de sacs]
or tubular cavities that are
closed at one end with an
opening into the peritoneal
cavity
Ex.
Retrocecal recess –
posterior to cecum
Ileocecal recess – anterior
to cecum
Subdivisions
Upon lifting the greater
omentum
Divides peritoneal cavity
into 2 compartments
1. Supracolic
2. Infracolic
Supracolic compartment
Divided into smaller
spaces by falciform lig
1. Subphrenic recess
R and L
Bet diaphragm and liver
2. Hepatorenal recess
Bet R liver lobe and R
kidney
Infracolic Compartment, plt 264
Divided into R and L by
mesentery of small intestine
1. Paracolic gutters
R – assoc w/ ascending colon
L – assoc w/ descending
colon
2. Paravetebral gutter
On each side of vertebra
Cont kidney,ureter,part of
colon
7. Omental Bursa, plt 255
Large compartment
Bet stomach and posterior
abd wall
Posterior to lesser
omentum and stomach
Extension of the main PC
into the invaginated R side
of the dorsal mesentery of
the stomach
Omental Bursa
Extension of omental bursa
1. Superior recess
Limited superiorly by
diaphragm
2. Inferior recess
Potential space
Omental Bursa, plt 258
Foramen of Winslow
Communic of OB w/ main peritoneal
cavity
Posterior to lesser omentum
Admits 2 digits
Boundaries
Anterior – portal v, hepatic artery and
bile duct or portal triad
Posterior – IVC and R crus diaphragm
Superior – caudate lobe,liver
Inferior – superior part of duodenum
and portal triad
Peritoneal [abdominal] cavity
Larger part of abdominopelvic
cavity
Contains viscera
Located superior to the pelvic inlet
Lined by parietal peritoneum
Boundaries
Superior – diaphragm
Inferior – contin. w/ pelvic cavity
Posterior – vertebral column
Anterior – abdominal wall
IDENTIFY?
Greater omentum
Peritonitis
Inflammation of peritoneum
Underlying causes:
Inflammed viscus
Abscess in peritoneal cavity
Spillage of intestinal contents
into peritoneal cavity
Trauma of abdomen[SW,GSW]
Pain in overlying area
Rebound tenderness
Reflex increase in tone of ant
abd wall [ AAW ]muscles
Spasm of AAW muscles
Muscle guarding