Intracellular compartments

and vesicular trafficing

Chapters 12 and 13
Figure 15-2 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Table 15-1 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED ORGANELLES
Eucaryotic Cells Contain a Basic Set of Membrane-enclosed
Organelles
Membrane-enclosed Organelles Evolved in Different Ways
Table 15-1 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Table 15-2 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED ORGANELLES
Eucaryotic Cells Contain a Basic Set of Membrane-enclosed
Organelles
Membrane-enclosed Organelles Evolved in Different Ways
Figure 15-3 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Figure 15-4 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms
Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment
Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores
Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Proteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While Being
Synthesized
Soluble Proteins Are Released into the ER Lumen
Start and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of a
Transmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
Figure 15-5 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms
Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment
Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores
Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Proteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While Being
Synthesized
Soluble Proteins Are Released into the ER Lumen
Start and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of a
Transmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
Table 15-3 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Figure 15-6 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms
Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment
Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores
Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Proteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While Being
Synthesized
Soluble Proteins Are Released into the ER Lumen
Start and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of a
Transmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
Figure 15-8 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Figure 15-9 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Figure 15-10 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms
Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment
Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores
Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Proteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While Being
Synthesized
Soluble Proteins Are Released into the ER Lumen
Start and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of a
Transmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
Figure 15-11 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
TOM
complex
TIM complex
PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms
Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment
Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores
Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Proteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While Being
Synthesized
Soluble Proteins Are Released into the ER Lumen
Start and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of a
Transmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
Figure 15-13 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms
Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment
Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores
Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Proteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While Being
Synthesized
Soluble Proteins Are Released into the ER Lumen
Start and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of a
Transmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
Figure 15-15 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms
Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct Compartment
Proteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear Pores
Proteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Proteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While Being
Synthesized
Soluble Proteins Are Released into the ER Lumen
Start and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of a
Transmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
Figure 15-16 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Figure 15-17 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
VESICULAR TRANSPORT
Transport Vesicles Carry Soluble Proteins and Membrane
Between Compartments
Vesicle Budding Is Driven by the Assembly of a Protein Coat
Vesicle Docking Depends on Tethers and SNAREs
Figure 15-18 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
VESICULAR TRANSPORT
Transport Vesicles Carry Soluble Proteins and Membrane
Between Compartments
Vesicle Budding Is Driven by the Assembly of a Protein Coat
Vesicle Docking Depends on Tethers and SNAREs
Figure 15-19a Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Figure 15-20 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Table 15-4 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
COP I bud from golgi compartments
COP II bud from ER
VESICULAR TRANSPORT
Transport Vesicles Carry Soluble Proteins and Membrane
Between Compartments
Vesicle Budding Is Driven by the Assembly of a Protein Coat
Vesicle Docking Depends on Tethers and SNAREs
Figure 15-21 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Rab1 ER and golgi
Rab2 cis Golgi
Rab3A synaptic vesicles
Rab4/rab11 recycling endosomes
Rab5A plasma membrane, clathrin
coated vesicles, early endosomes
Rab5C early endosomes
Rab6 medial and trans Golgi cisternae
Rab7 late endosomes
Rab8 early endosomes
Rab9 late endosomes, trans Golgi
Figure 15-22 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Botulinum toxin
SECRETORY PATHWAYS
Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER
Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein Quality
The Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Amount of Protein that
Flows Through It
Proteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi Apparatus
Secretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis
Figure 15-23 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Started in ER,
finished in
Golgi

Glycosylation
on asparagine
residues

Dolichol holds
oligo in ER
lumen

Oligosacchary
l transferase
Glycosylation
SECRETORY PATHWAYS
Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER
Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein Quality
The Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Amount of Protein that
Flows Through It
Proteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi Apparatus
Secretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis
SECRETORY PATHWAYS
Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER
Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein Quality
The Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Amount of Protein that
Flows Through It
Proteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi Apparatus
Secretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis
Figure 15-25 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Unfolded protein
response:
upregulation of genes
involved in protein
folding

ER chaperones,
proteins involved in
retrotranslocation
and protein
degradation
SECRETORY PATHWAYS
Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER
Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein Quality
The Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Amount of Protein that
Flows Through It
Proteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi Apparatus
Secretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis
Figure 15-26 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
SECRETORY PATHWAYS
Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER
Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein Quality
The Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Amount of Protein that
Flows Through It
Proteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi Apparatus
Secretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis
Figure 15-27 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Figure 15-28 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS
Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles
Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route into
Animal Cells
Endocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in Endosomes
Lysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion
Figure 15-32 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS
Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles
Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route into
Animal Cells
Endocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in Endosomes
Lysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion
ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS
Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles
Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route into
Animal Cells
Endocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in Endosomes
Lysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion
Figure 15-33 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS
Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles
Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route into
Animal Cells
Endocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in Endosomes
Lysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion
Figure 15-34 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS
Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles
Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route into
Animal Cells
Endocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in Endosomes
Lysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion
Figure 15-35 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Figure 15-36 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Figure 15-27 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
9/24/12 CP: Chap 6- DNA to protein
s4- housekeeping genes (t-tubulin, actin) are always expressed. gene expression can be tested wit realtime PCR (done after transcription) and Western Blot (more pert ant read out for gene expression, don't after translation-large ant of regulation). just bc you have a large ant of mRNA doesn't mean it will get regulated into protein.
s6- DNA-->RNA, start signals for gene expression is encoded in promotor( usually upstream(more 5') to a start codon of a gene, doesn't always have to be that way). Heteor- difference. transcriptional complex have proteins that affect transcritption- mRNA-RNA polym 2
s8- CTD has a repeating tail 25-55 (tyr, ser, pro, thr, ser, pro, ser). once Pi it helps RNA P go down template
s9- supercoiling happens upstream ahead of RNA poly. if supercoiling isn't relieved then no DNA--> mRNA, cell will die: cancer cells with chemo.
s12- altern splicing of a gene ca result in diff mRNA sequences
s13- they are specific sequences that label introns and exons
s15- CBC- cab binding complex, rRNA comes from nucleolus, exosome starts at 3' end and start copping towards 5' (upstream), eILF- eukaryotic in linking factor
s16- start codon AUG (Meth), stop codon (UAA, UGG, UGA), assoc AA with letters and 3 letter
s19- clover leaf design. wobble is 3rd position (flexible) *1 and 2 tell what AA will be.
s22- 60s and 40s don't add up bc its a sedimentation factor. large and small unit made up of rRNA + protein.
s23- synthesis and termination happens rapidly
s24- polyribosome. translating same protein just a different stages of translation
s25- common mech for antibiotics and. what drugs work on prokary, eukary or both?