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BY

J I TEN KUMAR BI SWAL,


GEAR BOX &
I TS MAI NTENANCE
GEAR
A machine element used to transmit motion and
power between rotating shafts and by means of
progressive engagement of projections called teeth.
WHY ???

To transmit torque/ power from one shaft to another shaft.


ther commonly used power transmitting elements!

Belt drive
major limitation! "lippage

#ope drive

$hain drive major limitation! %iscontinuous drive


To avoid slippage and discontinuity during power transmission,
the best solution is gear drive.

To get desired rotational speed

To change direction of rotation

&here distance between drive shaft and driven shaft is


very small

The motion and power
transmitted by gear is
'inematically equivalent to
that transmitted by friction
wheel.
$onsider two circular wheels
A ( B mounted on two
parallel shafts and the
wheels are pressed against
each other.
&hen wheel A is rotated by
shaft, it will rotate wheel B in
opposite direction.
FUNDAMENTAL OF GEARING
A B
T
)*+#
,
GEAR NOMENCLATURE
IMPORTANT TERMS

Pitch circ!"
-t is the imaginary circle that rolls without slip with a pitch
circle of a mating gear.

Pitch P#i$t"
-t is the point of tangency of two pitch circles and is on the
line.of.centers. The pitch point of a tooth pro/le is at its
intersection with the pitch circle.

Circ%&r 'itch"
-t is the distance measured on the circumference of the
pitch circle from a point on the tooth to the corresponding
point on the ne0t tooth. 1athematically,
circular pitch, 2
c*3%/T,
where,
%* 2.$.%.
T* ,o. of teeth

M#(%!"
-t is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter in millimeters to the number of teeth.
1athematically, 1odule, m*%/T
The recommended series of the modules in -ndian standard are
4, 4.56, 4.6, 5, 5.6, 7, 8, 6, 9, :, 4;, 45, 49, 5;, 56, 75, 8;, 6;.

B&c)&*h"
-t is the distance between the tooth space and the tooth thic'ness of mating
gear as measured on the pitch circle.
2urpose of bac'lash!
prevent gears from jamming together
ma'ing contact on both sides of their teeth simultaneously.
<ac' of bac'lash may cause noise, overloading, overheating of the gears and
bearings, and even sei=ing and failure.
>0cessive bac'lash is objectionable,
particularly if the drive is frequently
reversing, or if there is an overrunning
load as in cam drives. >0cess bac'lash
causes noisy operation.

Pr!**%r! A$+!"
-f a tangent is drawn to the involute pro/le of a tooth at any
point on the curve, and if a radius line is drawn through this
point of tangency connecting this point with the centre of the
gear, then the acute angle included between this tangent
and radial line is de/ned as pressure angle at that point.
-n gear design, the pressure angle is measured at the pitch
point.
CLASSIFICATION OF GEARS
According to the position of shafts!

2arallel shaft!
?i@ "pur gear
?ii@ Aelical gear
?a@ "ingle helical gear
?b@ %ouble helical gear ( herringbone gear!

-ntersecting shaft!
?i@ Bevel gear
?a@ "traight bevel gear
?b@ "piral bevel gear

,on.intersecting and non.parallel shaft!


?i@ Aypoid gear!
?ii@ &orm gear
TYPES OF GEARS
NOMENCLATURE
"maller Bear is 2inion and <arger one is the gear
-n most application the pinion is the driver, This reduces
speed but it increases torque.
A system of gears which transmits motion from one shaft to another.
GEAR TRAIN
GEAR TRAINS
) )( )( (
5
4
4
3
2
1
1
5
N
N
N
N
N
N
n
n
=
A set of assembled gears with
its casing used for power and
torque transmission.
GEAR BOX

"liding mesh gearbo0

$onstant mesh Bearbo0


CLASSIFICATION OF GEARBOX
GEARBOX DESIGNATIONS
GEARBOX SELECTION
MAINTENANCE

M
A
I
N
T
E
N
A
N
C
E
2reventive
1aintenance
2reventive
1aintenance
2redictive
1aintenance
2redictive
1aintenance
Brea'down
1aintenance
Brea'down
1aintenance

Alignment chec'ing

A0ial alignment

#adial alignment

il level chec'ing ( top.up

<ube oil analysis

1otor current chec'

,oise chec'
PRE,ENTI,E MAINTENANCE

%uring running

"eal lea'age

Bearing chec'

Temperature

Cibration

il level chec'ing

-nternal condition monitoring ?<<)@


PREDECTI,E MAINTENANCE

%ye penetrant test

1achining processes
BREAKDOWN MAINTENANCE

2#B<>1 %>)-,-T-,! -nput play occurrence

BD>$T-C>! to chec' and correct input play

2#$>%E#>!

$hec' for a0ial misalignment

$hec' for radial misalignment

2rovide correction

-f a0ial, motor.gearbo0 base chec'ing

-f radial, provide appropriate shim

-f play persists, install new -/2 F /2 shaft

therwise change gearbo0.


CASE STUDY- FINES CON,EYOR
GEAR BOX ELECON MAKE SCN ./0
THANK YOU
THANK YOU

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