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PENGENALAN TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI

Pendahuluan SAP

Faculty of Electrical and Communication
BANDUNG, 2013

PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
A. Suhartomo, Ph.D.
Part Time Lecturer
Silabus 40 Kata
Mata kuliah yang mempelajari sistem komunikasi secara
general, dilihat dari sisi User, jaringan akses dan sentral.
User diwakili oleh berbagai macam terminal pengirim dan
penerima, seperti telephone, faximile, radio, televisi,
teleprinter, komputer juga dibahas bentuk sinyal dan jenis-
jenis modulasi.
Pada bagian jaringan akses dibahas jenis media transmisi
dan teknik-teknik akses.
Di sisi sentral dibahas jenis-jenis sentral dan fungsi umum
sentral switching.
Dibahas pula beberapa jenis jaringan komputer, seperti
PSTN, Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak, ISDN dan Komunikasi
Satelit
PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
DESKRIPSI SINGKAT MATA KULIAH
Pada MK ini mahasiswa memahami tentang teknik
telekomunikasi secara lengkap dari pengirim, sistem
pemancar, jaringan, dan sistem penerima dan dibandingkan
tentang sistem analog dan sistem digital serta proses
digitalisasi dan proses sebaliknya.

Setelah mahasiswa mengambil Mata Kuliah ini, diharapkan
mahasiswa dapat memahami tentang Teknik Telekomunikasi
baik analog maupun digital
PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
Mata Kuliah : Pengantar Teknik Telekomunikasi
Program Studi : S1 TT
SKS : 3
Semester :
Mg Pert.
Materi
Topik Sub Topik
1
1
Pendahuluan
1. Aturan perkulihan
2. Aturan penilaian: Quis, Ujian, Tugas dll
3. Silabus, referensi, kontrak belajar, sasaran
pengajaran
2
Perkembangan Teknologi
Telekomunikasi
4. Evolusi teknologi telekomunikasi
5. Telekomunikasi tradisional
6. Kebutuhan dasar.berkomunikasi jarak jauh
7. Telp, telegraph,TV,Radio, HP, Internet
2
3 Konsep dasar Telekomunikasi
8.Definisi dan konsep Telekomunikasi
9.Proses terjadinya Telekomunikasi Blok
diagram dari TX sampai RX
10.Menjelaskan blok digram proses terjadinya
telekomunikasi
4
Jenis Perangkat Telekomunikasi
11.Perangkat core network
12.Perangkat Access Network
3
5

Responsi/Latihan dan Pembahasan Soal
6
Sinyal
13.Sinyal dalam kehidupan sehari-hari
14.Konsep dasar sinyal elektrik
15.Konsep dasar sinyal telekomunikasi (analog)
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4
7
Konversi Sinyal Analog-Digital
16.Perubahan sinyal asli, listrik dan digital
17.Sampling
8
18.Kuantisasi
19.Pengkodean
5
9

Responsi/Latihan dan Pembahasan Soal
10
Media Transmisi
20.Kabel Tembaga
21.Kabel COAX
6
11
22.Fiber optic
23.Wireless
12
Transmisi
24.Proses pengolahan sinyal untuk
ditansmisikan
25.Multiplex- Demux Analog
7
13
26.Multiplex- Demux Digital
27.Pengantar sistem PDH/SDH
14
Responsi/Latihan dan Pembahasan Soal
Materi 1 7 : Bahan UTS
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8
15 Teknik modulasi
28.Mod-Demod AM
29.Mod-Demod FM
30.Mod-Demod ASK
31.Mod-Demod PSK
32.Mod-Demod FSK
16
Besaran dan ukuran kinerja transmisi
33.Konsep penguatan/loss desibel (dB)
34.Konsep Level daya (dBm, dBW)
35.Parameter S/N, BER
9
17
18

Responsi/Latihan dan Pembahasan Soal
10
19 Jaringan PSTN
36.Hirarki dan Topologi Jaringan
37.Layanan jaringan PSTN
20
Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak
38.Dasar Sistem Komunikasi bergerak
39.Arsitektur Siskomber
11
21
40.Pengenalan Sistem seluler : GSM dan CDMA, dll
22
Responsi/Latihan dan Pembahasan Soal
Materi 8 11 : Bahan UTS
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23 Sistem Komunikasi Satelit
41.Keuntungan dan kekurangan satelit
42.Perkembangan satelit
43.Arsitektur satelit
44.Aplikasi satelit
24
Penerapan sistem transmisi serat optik (SKSO)
45.Bagian pengirim optik
46.Bagian transmisi Optik
47.Bagian Pengirim Optik
13
25
48.Fungsi SKSO
49.Kelebihan dan kekurangan terhadap kabel
tembaga atau radio
26
Responsi/Latihan dan Pembahasan Soal
14
27 Komunikasi data
50. Layer OSI
51. protocol
52. Circuit Switching
53. Packet switching
54. Internet
28
Responsi/Latihan dan Pembahasan Soal
Materi 12 14 : Bahan UAS
Buku Referensi
1. Freeman, Roger L., Telecommunication System
Engineering Analog and Digital
2. Freeman, Roger L, Fundamentals of
Telecomunications, John Willey, London, 1999
3. Flood, J., Telecommunication Network
4. William, C. Y. Lee, Mobile Celluler Telecommunication
System
5. Minho, Bveong G. Kav, Broadband Telecommunication
Technology, Artech House, London, 1993
6. Uke Kurniawan, Pengantar Ilmu Telekomunikasi,
Penerbit Informatika, Bandung, 2008

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Komponen Penilaian
Ujian Tengah Semester : 40 %
Ujian Akhir Semester : 40 %
Quiz / Tugas Kelompok / PR : 20 %
Tugas Kelompok dilakukan presentasi pada sub-program
bahasan.
Tiap Kelompok terdiri dari 3-5 orang.
Kehadiran : diatas > 75 %
Mahasiswa diberi tugas mengenai sub pokok bahasan, yang
didiskusikan pada setiap kelompok, untuk kemudian
diprsentasikan dihadapan kelas.

PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
TIPS SUKSES BELAJAR
Niat yang besar dan mantap
Jangan menganggap tugas belajarmu sebagai kewajiban, melainkan pandanglah itu
sebagai sebuah kesempatan untuk menikmati betapa indahnya dunia ilmu
pengetahuan, kepuasan hati yang diberikannya serta manfaat yang akan diterima oleh
masyarakat apabila jerih payahmu berhasil. ( Einstein).
Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.
Jangan disetir oleh mood, tapi setirlah mood
Pengaruh lingkungan sekitar
Cari teman yang bisa memotivasi kita untuk bersaing dalam menuntut ilmu
Sarana untuk belajar
Baca buku di perpustakaan, e-book, browsing internet
Cara belajar
Pelajari bahan sedikit demi sedikit, tiap mendapat materi baru, jangan ditunda untuk
mempelajarinya.
Setelah memahami materi, coba jawab pertanyaan2 atau soal2 terkait.
Iringi dengan DOA
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ATURAN FAKULTAS
Berseragam (atasan kemeja putih, bawahan warna biru tua,
bukan jeans)
Bersepatu ( BUKAN Sepatu Sendal)
Tidak terlambat masuk kelas, kalau telat maka tidak
dipernankan masuk kelas
Mengikuti UTS & UAS
Tidak ada ujian susulan, ujian khusus, ujian perbaikan (no-
remedial), tugas tambahan dllnya.

PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
Rules:
Every started college conducted the prayer led by one
students who was appointed lecturer relevant:
"Oh God, give us strength and ability to accept and
understand science and lecture today
To be able to join UTS or UAS, presence of at least 75% or in
accordance with institutional regulations.
For participants who do not follow the UTS and UAS, will get
the value E
See complete info at: BPI (Buku Panduan Institusi)

PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
PERKULIAHAN
SCL (Student Centered Learning), mahasiswa sebagai
subjek perkuliahan berbasis kompetensi.
Persiapkan diri untuk jadi mahasiswa yang aktif
menggali dan menguasai kompetensi setiap mata
kuliah.
Diskusi bersama.


PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
PERKULIAHAN
SCL (Student Centered Learning), mahasiswa
sebagai subjek perkuliahan berbasis kompetensi.
Persiapkan diri untuk jadi mahasiswa yang aktif
menggali dan menguasai kompetensi setiap mata
kuliah.
Diskusi bersama.


PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
LECTURE IDENTITY
A. Suhartomo, Ph.D.
Telp : 0857 2218 4052
Office : Part Time Lecturer
E-mail : tom4677@gmail.com
Previous School:
1. S1: Physics - FMIPA, North Sumatera University,
Medan
2. S2: EE FT Indonesia University, Jakarta
3. Ph.D: EE ECE Stevens Institute of Tech, Hoboken, NJ
- USA

PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
What Does Telecommunication
Mean?
The term telecommunication (or communication ) means the
transfer of some form of information from one place (known
as the source of information) to another place (known as the
destination of information) using some system to do this
function (known as a communication system).
What is the difference between communication and
communications!
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Importance of Communications (by
electrical signals)
Teleconferencing, teleshopping, telebanking,
internet, computer networks, mobile,...etc
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So What Will we Study in This
Course?
In this course, we will study the basic methods that are used
for communication in todays world and the different systems
that implement these communication methods.
Upon the successful completion of this course, you should be
able to identify the different communication techniques,
know the advantages and disadvantages of each technique,
and show the basic construction of the systems that
implement these communication techniques.
(Check the syllabus for course description, outcomes and
objectives)
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Examples of Todays Communication
Methods
All of the following are electric (or electromagnetic)
communication systems
1. Satellite (Telephone, TV, Radio, Internet, )
2. Microwave (Telephone, TV, Data, )
3. Optical Fibers (TV, Internet, Telephone, )
4. Copper Cables (telephone lines, coaxial cables, twisted pairs,
etc)
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Simplex vs. Duplex Communications
A communication system may transmit information in one
direction such as TV and radio (simplex), two directions but at
different times such as the CB (half-duplex), or two directions
simultaneously such as the telephone (full-duplex).
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Basic Construction of
Electrical Communication System
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What does the channel do?
Distortion (Linear vs. nonlinear, distortion vs. distortionless
channels) corrected by equalizers.
Noise (unwanted, unpredictable): is an undesired signal
that gets added to (or sometimes multiplied with) a
desired transmitted signal at the receiver.
The source of noise may be external to the communication
system or internal to the communication system.
o External: noise resulting from electric machines, other
communication systems, noise from outer space,
lightning, automobile ignition can be reduced or
eliminated.
o Internal: caused by thermal motion of electrons in the
conductors can be reduced but not eliminated.
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Basic Terminology Used in
Communications Systems
A Signal:
is a function that specifies how a specific variable changes
versus an independent variable such as time, location, height
(examples: the age of people versus their coordinates on
Earth, the amount of money in your bank account versus
time).
A System:
operates on an input signal in a predefined way to generate
an output signal.

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Basic Terminology Used in
Communications Systems
Analog Signals: are signals with amplitudes that may take any real
value out of an infinite number of values in a specific range
(examples: the height of mercury in a 10cmlong thermometer
over a period of time is a function of time that may take any value
between 0 and 10cm, the weight of people setting in a class room is
a function of space (x and y coordinates) that may take any real
value between 30 kg to 200 kg (typically)).
Digital Signals: are signals with amplitudes that may take only a
specific number of values (number of possible values is less than
infinite) (examples: the number of days in a year versus the year is a
function that takes one of two values of 365 or 366 days, number of
people sitting on a one- person chair at any instant of time is either
0 or 1, the number of students registered in different classes at
KFUPM is an integer number between 1 and 100).
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Basic Terminology Used in
Communications Systems
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR): is the ratio of the power of the
desired signal to the power of the noise signal. (amplifier does
not help!)
Signal Bandwidth (BW): is the width of the frequency range
that the signal occupies. For example the bandwidth of a
radio channel in the AM is around 10 kHz and the bandwidth
of a radio channel in the FM band is 150 kHz.
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Basic Terminology Used in
Communications Systems
Rate of Communication: is the speed at which DIGITAL
information is transmitted.
1. The maximum rate at which most of todays modems receive digital
information is around 56 k bits/second and transmit digital
information is around 33 kbits/second.
2. A Local Area Network (LAN) can theoretically receive/transmit
information at a rate of 100 Mbits/s.
3. Gigabit networks would be able to receive/transmit information at
least 10 times that rate.
Signal Power: related to quality, distance, rate.
PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
Advantages of Digital Communication
over Analog Communication
Immunity to Noise (possibility of regenerating the original digital
signal if signal power to noise power ratio (SNR) is relatively high by
using of devices called repeaters along the path of transmission).
Efficient use of communication bandwidth (through use of
techniques like compression).
Digital communication provides higher security (data encryption).
The ability to detect errors and correct them if necessary.
Design and manufacturing of electronics for digital communication
systems is much easier and much cheaper than the design and
manufacturing of electronics for analog communication systems.
PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
Modulation
Modulation is changing one or more of the characteristics of a
signal (known as the carrier signal) based on the value of another
signal (known as the information or modulating signal) to produce a
modulated signal.
A carrier is a sinusoidal of high frequency with one of its
parameters (amplitude, phase, or frequency) is varied in proportion
to the message m(t)
Famous Types
1. Amplitude Modulation (AM): varying the amplitude of the carrier based on the
information signal as done for radio channels that are transmitted in the AM radio
band.
2. Phase Modulation (PM): varying the phase of the carrier based on the information
signal.
3. Frequency Modulation (FM): varying the frequency of the carrier based on the
information signal as done for channels transmitted in the FM radio band.

PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
Why to modulate?
Antenna size is inversely proportional to the frequency.
Antenna size has to be comparable to the wave length. c=f
To receive transmitted signals from multiple sources without
interference between them, they must be transmitted at
different frequencies (frequency division multiplexing, FDM)
by modulating carriers that have different frequencies with
the different information signals. (like painting with colors).
To improve the propagation. Low frequency penetrates walls
better than high frequency signals.
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Trends
Towards a greater number of competitive vendors, carriers, alliances
and telecommunications network services.
Industry trends
Towards open and interconnected local and global digital networks for voice,
data and video, using high-speed fiber-optics and satellites.
Technology trends
Towards a pervasive use of the internet and enterprise and interorganizational
intranets, to support collaborative computing, online business operations and
strategic advantage in local and global markets.
Application Trends
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Technological Developments
General trend: Connect everybody to everybody else.
Internet-network technologies
thousands new hardware- and software products
web-browsers, HTML- editors, firewalls
Open systems: based on standards
connectivity of systems: middleware
OSI, TCP/IP
Digital technologies
higher transmission speed
larger information streams
more efficient transmission method
less errors

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Internet Revolution
Explosive growth
Terminology
WWW: inquiry sources of information via
graphical browser software
E-mail: electronic mail
Usenet: place messages on bulletin board
IRC: real time dialogs
FTP: file transfer
Telnet: login on other systems
Other: telephone, video conferencing, ...

Telecommunication model
Terminals
terminal, office equipment , telephones , ...
Telecommunications processors
modems, multiplexers, front-end processors, ...
Telecommunications channels and media
copper wires, coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, satellites, ...
Computers
host computers, front-end computers, network servers, ...
Telecommunications control software
telecommunication monitors, network operating systems, ...

PengTekTel-Pendahuluan
Interactive usage
Physical location often crucial factor to decide on the type of
connection between the computer and the workstation

Standardization is an absolute must in this respect
Interactive usage :
- increases considerably the productivity
- requires communication networks
Required transmission capacity depends on the application and
on the user interface :
- administrative input <1000 char/sec
- CAD/CAM millions char/sec
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Telecommunication Components
End-user
workstation
Telecommunications
software
Computers
Telecom
processors
Telecom
processors
Telecom
Channels and Media
5 components
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LAN
PC-workstation PC-workstation
PC-workstation PC-workstation PC-workstation
PC-workstation
Network
Server
Port to
other networks


Shared hard disk
Shared
printer
Databases and
Software packages
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WAN - Internetwork
network
in US
network
in Europe
Mainframe,
hosts
Internet
network
in Australia
LANs
LANs
Tymnet
Cisco corporation network
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Client/server network
Intranet
Company A
Intranet
Company B
Mainframe host system
Router
Router
Internet
Firewall
Firewall
Client - Server
Clients
Clients
comm.
server
comm.
server
DB.
server
Print
server
DB.
server
O.A.
server
CAD
server
PengTekTel-Pendahuluan

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