Tutorial 5

Assembly Language & Instruction Set (C9)

Assembly Language
After this part, you should know:

The compiling process of programs
The adv/disadv of using assembly language
Assembly Language & Assembler
Assembly Language & Assembler
4Byte
Assembly Language vs. High-level Language
Instruction Set
After this part, you should know:

Every instruction and their usage
How to write simple assembly program with IS


Useful Links:
Instruction set
http://vitaly_filatov.tripod.com/ng/asm/asm_000.html
http://www.emu8086.com/assembly_language_tutorial_assembler_reference/8086_instruction_set.html
Emulator
http://www.emu8086.com/

8088/8086 Instruction Set Overview
Data Transfer
Data Transfer
MOV (MOV d,s)
PUSH, POP (PUSH/POP s)
IN, OUT (IN/OUT d,s)

XCHG (Exchange data ) (XCHG d,s)
XCHG AX,BX

XLAT (Table look-up translation) (XLAT)
AL [DS: (BX+AL)]
Assume prior to XLAT
DS = 1000H
BX = 2000H
AL = 80H






After XLAT ?
Data Transfer
LEA (Load Effective Address ) (LEA d,s)
dest Addr (source)
LEA AX, [BP+40H] ;(BP=1000H) load 1040H into AX


LDS (Load pointer using DS ) (LDS d,s)
DS (source + 2); dest (source)

LES (Load ES with pointer ) (LES d,s)
ES (source+2); dest (source)


Assume
DS = 1000H
ES = 3000H

LDS BX, [2222H]
???

LES DI, [222H]
???
Data Transfer
LAHF (Load flags into AH register ) (LAHF)
AH FR lower bit

SAHF (Store AH into flags ) (SAHF)
FR lower bit AH

POPF (Pop data into flags register ) (POPF)
FR (SP); SP SP+2

PUSHF (Push flags onto stack ) (PUSHF)
SP SP - 2; (SP) FR
Arithmetic
Arithmetic
ADD (ADD d,s)
dest dest + source
SUB (SUB d,s)
dest dest - source

ADC (Add with carry ) (ADC d,s)
dest dest + source +CF
SBB (Subtraction with borrow ) (SBB d,s)
dest dest - source -CF

INC (Increment by 1 ) (INC d)
dest dest +1
DEC (Decrement by 1 ) (DEC d)
dest dest -1
Arithmetic
MUL (MUL s)
AX source * AL ; if source is a byte
DX:AX source * AX; if source is a word
DIV (DIV s)
AX AL / source ; source is a byte AH remainder
DX:AX AX / source ; source is a word DX remainder

IMUL (IMUL s)
IDIV (IDIV s)

CMP (CMP d,s)
Set flags according to (d-s) ()
NEG (NEG d)
dest -dest
Conversion
ASCII
AAA (ASCII adjust AL after addition ) (AAA)

AAS (ASCII adjust AL after subtraction ) (AAS)
AAM(ASCII adjust AL after multiplex) (AAM)
AAD(ASCII adjust AL after divination ) (AAD)

Decimal
DAA (Decimal adjust AL after addition ) (DAA)
DAS (Decimal adjust AL after subtraction ) (DAS)


Logic
Logic
AND (AND d,s)
OR (OR d,s)
NOT (NOT d)
XOR (XOR d,s)

TEST (TEST d,s)
dest AND source set flags

Shift & Rotate
SAR,SAL (SAR/SAL d,c)
SHL, SHR (SHR/SHL d,c)



ROL, ROR (ROL/ROR d,c)
RCR, RCL (RCR/RCL d,c)



String
String
MOVS (MOVS d-string,s-string)
(ES:DI) (DS:SI)
MOVSB (MOVSB)
MOVSW (MOVSW)

LODS (LODS s-string)
AX/AL DS:SI
LODSB (LODSB)
LODSW (LODSW)

STOS (STOS d)
(ES:DI) AX/AL
STOSB (STOSB)
STOSW (STOSW)
CMPS (CMPS d-string,s-string)
CMP (DS:SI), (ES:DI) set flags
CMPSB (CMPSB)
CMPSW (CMPSW)

SCAS (SCAS d)
CMP AX/AL, (ES:DI) set flags
SCASB (SCASB)
SCASW (SCASW)
Control Transfer
Control transfer
JMP
Within:
-128byte to 127byte
Conditional JMP
Carry Parity Zero
Overflow Sign (negative)
Short Jumps
CALL & RET
CALL (call procedure_name)
If FAR CALL (inter-segment)
PUSH CS
CS dest_seg
PUSH IP
IP dest_offset
If NEAR CALL (intra-segment)
PUSH IP
IP dest_offset
RET (RET)
POP IP


LOOP
LOOP (LOOP short-label)
CX CX -1
If (cx <>0) JMP short-label
LOOPE (LOOPE short-label)
CX CX -1
If (cx <>0 and ZF = 1) JMP short-label
LOOPNE/ LOOPNZ (LOOPNE/LOOPNZ short-label)
CX CX -1
If (cx <>0 and ZF = 0) JMP short-label

INT
Process Control
Process Control
STC, CLC (set/clear carry flag )
CF 0/1
CMC (complement carry flag)
CF -CF
STD, CLD (set/clear direction flag)
DF 0/1
STI, CLI (set/clear interupt enable flag)
IF 0/1

Q&A