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Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels come from organic remains that
Fossil Fuels
There are three main types of fossil fuels:
Coal
Oil (Petroleum)
Natural Gas
Coal
Coal is a black or brownish-black combustible
rock.
Unlike oil, it is ready for use immediately after it
is excavated from the mine and does not require
any refining.
Coal is mainly made of carbon and hydrogen.
Coal is a primary energy source for electricity in
the world and it encompasses around 50% of the
total electricity demand.
Coal
About 1.87 billion tons of coal is burned in the
Coal
Some experts believe that carbon dioxide
Coal
The burning of coal also produces a number of other
byproducts when it is burned that have a negative
health-related impact.
For example, microscopic particles are released from
coal that can infiltrate the lungs.
These particles carry toxic materials, irritating the lung
tissue.
If a person is inhaling these particles over a long period
of time it may lead to the development of asthma.
Asthma is especially widespread among coal miners
and people that live in coal-mining areas
Natural gas
Natural gas consists mostly of methane, with
Natural gas
Gas is lighter than air and is extremely
Oil
Oil is also formed from the decomposed remains
Oil
The very first oil refineries were installed by
Fossil Fuels
From the beginning of 19th century, dwelling of
Fossil Fuels
To overcome, the dependency on conventional fuels,
researchers and many organizations are working on
alternative fuels, which should be commercially viable,
easy to use, less pollutant and must be abundant in
nature.
In this direction, renewable energies, like Solar Energy,
Tidal Energy, Wind Energy, Bio Fuels etc, are suitable
than conventional sources of energy.
These non conventional forms are not only renewable
but also maintain ecology and environment as they are
Eco-Friendly and do not contribute in global warming
and production of green house gases etc.
Fossil Fuels
In context of India and developing countries, it is
Fossil Fuels
India is blessed with an abundance of non-
Formation of Coal
Accumulation of land plant material
Reducing conditions coastal and inland
swamps
Formation of Coal
Organic accumulation is
greater than destruction
(because of reducing
conditions)
Organic matter builds up
to form peat
Formation of Coal
Peat is compressed to form
lignite brown coal
Lignite is compressed and
volatile compounds are lost to
form bituminous coal soft
coal
Bituminous coal is further
compressed and heated to
form anthracite hard coal
Petroleum Resources
Conditions for source rock
are rare
Conditions for maturation
must be just right
Migration must not let
petroleum escape to
surface
Reservoir rock must be
present
Trap must exist before
migration occurs
Distribution of Petroleum
Economic accumulations of petroleum only
Mexico
Venezuela
Refining of Petroleum
Heat and/or chemical treatment to produce:
Gasoline
Diesel Fuel
Kerosene
Liquified Propane (LPG)
Petroleum Geology
Introduction
Relations among the various sciences and specialized fields that are utilized by the
petroleum geologist. He stands between these sciences and the oil and gas pool;
his chief job is to interpret them so as to locate a prospect that, when drilled, will
yield commercial oil and gas.
History
Petroleum, in one form or another, is not a recent
History
More than four thousand years ago, according to
History
Ancient Persian tablets indicate the medicinal and
History
the ancient Egyptians used it to preserve their dead,
History
Only now, as the issues of long-term sustainability and
History
Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source
History
A large portion of the world's total oil is found exists as