J PARKINSON

J PARKINSON

J PARKINSON

FARADAYS EXPERIMENT

1832

J PARKINSON

FARADAYS EXPERIMENT

1832

A current in B is
only present when
the current in A is
changing.

J PARKINSON

I HAVE DISCOVERED
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

J PARKINSON

Now I understand!
AN EMF IS ONLY
INDUCED WHEN
THERE IS RELATIVE
MOTION BETWEEN A
CONDUCTOR AND A
J PARKINSON
MAGNETIC FIELD

J PARKINSON

J PARKINSON

STRONGER FIELD (B)

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STRONGER FIELD (B)

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FASTER

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FASTER

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THE INDUCED EMF IS

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO
THE RATE OF CHANGE OF MAGNETIC
FLUX CUTTING THE CONDUCTOR
J PARKINSON

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E N
t
( BA)
E N
t
J PARKINSON

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LENZS LAW

HEINRICH LENZ

J PARKINSON

THE INDUCED EMF

GENERATES A CURRENT
THAT SETS UP A MAGNETIC
FIELD WHICH ACTS TO
OPPOSE THE CHANGE IN
MAGNETIC FLUX
16

J PARKINSON

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conductor

S
MOTION

FLEMINGS RIGHT
HAND RULE
Forefinger

CURRENT

SeCond finger
= Current

= Field
ThuMb
= Motion

J PARKINSON

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PD GENERATED ACROSS A MOVING CONDUCTOR

+
+

B
INWARDS

+l

V ms-1

E N
t

J PARKINSON

( BA)
A
E
B
t
t

19

pd across wing tips of an aircraft moving through the

Earths field acting at 200 to the vertical

If the wingspan is l
E = B l v cos
J PARKINSON

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Simple
alternator

AC ALTERNATOR

current
J PARKINSON

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F
P

P
Q

P
P

I
E

emf E

+
time

flux
time
J PARKINSON

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MOVING COIL MICROPHONE

Diaphragm attached to
field coil

Permanent
magnet

S
TO AMPLIFIER

N
Field coil

Sound waves strike the diaphragm making it vibrate at the same

frequency as the sound.
The moving diaphragm moves the coil backwards and forwards
which induces a changing current at the same frequency as the sound.
J PARKINSON

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THE TRANSFORMER
Laminated soft
iron core

PRIMARY N1 Turns

SECONDARY N2 Turns

AC input V1 Volts

AC output V2 Volts

V2
N2

V1
N1
P
EFFICIENCY OUT 100
PIN
J PARKINSON

I 2V2

100
I1V1
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METAL DETECTOR

This acts like a transformer. AC current is sent through circular coil

(field coil) which is down near the ground. If a metal is underneath the
coil, an eddy current will be set up in it. This will have an associated
magnetic field which in turn will affect the AC current in the field coil.
The change is detected electronically.
J PARKINSON

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