Why Signal Processing

Topics

Introduction
Signal Generation and Conditioning
Amplitude Modulation
Angle Modulation
Television
Digital Signaling
Multiplexing
Transmission Line
EM Wave, Antenna, and Waveguide
Optical Communications
Public Switched System
Data Communications and Networking
Microwave Systems and Devices
Satellite Communications
Wireless Systems

 Electronic Circuits
Active Devices
Passive Components
Circuits
Instrumentation

Communications Systems
Characteristics
Algorithm and Protocol
Services

 Generation
Electrical current to EM wave
RF antenna
Optical laser

Modulation
Information encoding

Detection
EM wave to voltage signal
RF Antenna
Optical Detector
Baseband

 Carrier
Modulation
Time Domain
Pulse shape

Frequency Domain
Spectrum

Fourier Transform
Bandwidth
Limit
Efficiency

Information Capacity
Carrier Frequency
RF MHz
Microwave GHz
Fiber 10^14 Hz

Modulation Bandwidth
Shannon Limit
I = B log2 (1 + S/N)

Noise
Thermal Noise
Shot Noise
Noise Characteristics

Amplitude and phase

Probability
Power
Spectrum
Bandwidth

Noise Figure
NF = (S/N)i/(S/N)o

Amplifiers

Equivalent temperature

Frequency Control
Filters
RC, LC
Low pass, high pass, band pass, notch
Active filters
Resonant frequency, bandwidth, and Q

Crystal
Resonant frequencies
High Q
Temperature dependence

Signal Generation
Oscillation
Positive or in phase feedback
Loop gain

Phase
Complex impedance
Frequency dependent, resonance

Oscillators
Crystal oscillator
LC oscillators: Colpitts, Hartley, Pierce, ..

Synthesizer
Divider
Mixer

Circuits
Amplifiers
Tuned Amplifier
Class C
Nonlinear
High efficiency

Common Base

Mixer
Gilbert cell balanced modulator

Phase Locked Loop

Synchronization

AM and ASK
Amplitude Modulation

v (t ) (1 m cos mt ) EC cos C t

- Modulation Index
- Side Bands
- Power Distribution

AM Modulator
Power supply modulation

AM Detection
Coherent detection
Non coherent detection

System Variations
SSB, SC, Vestigial Side Band

Angle Modulation
Phase Modulation
Frequency Modulation
Side Bands
Bessel Function

Modulation Index
Limiter
Noise
Frequency dependence
Preemphasis and deemphasis circuits
FM thresholding and capture effect

FM
Modulation
Varactor
Variable reactance amplifier

Detection
Frequency dependent output
Discriminators
PLL

Stereo FM
Frequency division multiplexing
Pilot or sub-carrier

Digital Signaling
Pulse Code Modulation
A/D and D/A
Sampling
Nyquist rate
Anti aliasing filter

Quantization
Resolution and error

Compander

Single Bit Digitization

Codec
ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM, , Constellation

Digital Signaling
Modulation
AM, FM
BPSK mixer
M-ary

Detection
Coherent
Local oscillator, mixer, LPF

Incoherent
DPSK 1 bit delay

Timing Synchronization

Digital Signaling
Bandwidth Limited Digital Signal
Error Probability
BER
S/N dependent

Eye Diagram
Sensitivity
PSK
FSK
ASK

Multiplexing
Orthogonality
FDM
OFDM
Filter, summing amplifier

TDM
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Logic

Spread spectrum
Frequency hopping
CDMA

WDM
CWDM, DWDM

CDMA
Code Generation
Pseudo random number generator

Correlation
Auto
Cross

Detection
Process gain

Transmission Line
Waveguides
Metallic, dielectric
Coax, twin lead, glass fiber
Balanced, unbalanced, balun
Micro stripline, coplanar stripline
Loss, dispersion

Connector
Mode matching

Characteristic Impedance
Speed of Light

Reflection, Impedance Matching

Reflection Coefficient
VSWR
Smith Chart
Calculation of impedance network
Impedance matching

Stub Matching
TDR