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Why the British came to Malaya?

1- Collect goods from the Malay states


to monopolize spices in the East and tea from
China
Chinese merchants refused to exchange with
the British goods and only interested to goods
from the East i.e- tin pepper and spices.
2- Port - to get supplies and repair their ships
3- Navy base- to protect the British base in
India from France attacked.

How the Malay states fell to the


Penang
British?

Sultan Muhammad Jiwa appointed Tunku Abdullah


as his successor and a royal family of Kedah
against him.
He requested protection from the British East
Indian Company due to the Royal family and Bugis
attack.
He allowed the British to trade in Kedah and
offered Penang but the treaty was cancelled when
the British refused to help Kedah to attack Bugis

In 1785- During Sultan Abdullah period, he


requested assistance from the British
He scared of Siamese attacked .
As a reward, he agreed to give Penang to the
British
11 August 1786- Penang was given to the
British and Francis Light opened Penang
officially without any formal agreement with
British East Indian Company.
The British refused to assist Kedah from
Siamese attacked- therefore the Sultan
asked F.Light to leave Penang.

Singapore

During Napoleon war, King of Dutch agreed to


give all his colonies states temporarily to the
British but it must be returned when the war
ended.
British returned all the states included Java and
Malacca- The British traders realized that it was
affected their business.
T/fore the British tried to find a new port to
compete with Batavia and send Stamford Raffles
to find a place in the Malay states
Raffles found out that Singapoore as a strategic
trading centre
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Present for the British!

Dutch complained about the foundation of Spore


but didnt take military action- Because of the
British help in Napoleon war and borrowed
finance from the British.
Where as the British needed support in fighting
against common enemies
:- to solve this problem, Anglo-Dutch treaty
/London treaty was signed in 1824. The Dutch
agreed to cede all bases in Malay peninsula
included Singapore to Britain
British agreed to cede Bencoolen to Dutch
:- The British had 3 ports in Malay states
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Non intervention policy


British policy- To make profit through
peaceful trading. No interference in local
politics- could cause war.
To a void more expenses.
Out of 3 ports- only Singapore was
profitable - involvement in local politics
could led to war and more expenses to
spend

Why the British changed the


policy?
1- To protect the British route to the East
- no friendly treaties with Malay states
:- possible its routes to the east could be threatened.
2- The threat of foreign intervention
worried if other countries intervened to Malay states.
Other powers abroad their territories such as
Dutch,Spain and France.

3) The state of anarchy in Malay states


lawlessness in peninsular- succession
disputes, piracy , secret society.
- 1873- 248 Chinese merchants send
petition to Lord Kimberly- complaining the
unrest.
4) Change in the British leaders
Lord Kimberly, secretary of State for the
colonies, believed to spread the benefits of
British rule throughout the world.
He passed on the belief to Sir Andrew
Clarke, Governor of Straits Settlement.

British administration before the


world war 2

3 different administration:
Straits settlement (1826)
Federated Malay States (1896)- Perak,
Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang
Non Federated Malay States ((1909) under
the Bangkok Agreement, Siam handed over
Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan and Trengganu
1914- Johor accepted a British advisor
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The impact of the British

1) Economy.
a. System of transportation: Road, Railway
b. Post, Telephone and Telegraph
- 1st post office was built in the Straits of
Settlements
- Telegraph to improve the efficiency of the
administration
- Telephone 1st used in the Straits of
Settlements
c. Modern Agriculture
- British introduced rubber and palm oil
around 1900-1920s.
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2) Social
a. Education
- Introduced vernacular system of
education
3) Multi ethnic Society
Opening of tin mining, sugar cane and
rubber plantations by the British
contributed the influx of immigrants in
Malaysia such as the Chinese and the
Indians

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