You are on page 1of 48

S

N S IA
O A
I
T
A
N
I
Z E
I
L G A
I
V R IC
I
C ME R
E AF
&
:
N
IO
T
ZA G
I
N
IL
A
V
B
CI RA
ST N
R
Y
FI NIL
E
A
H
M
T
:
BY

E
H
T

ER
IV

LL
VA

S
Y
E

VOCABULARY CHECK

artisan someone skilled in a specialized craft.

artifact an object, shaped or made by an ancient human


being, that has survived to our times.

barter trade in which people exchange goods without using


money.

fossil the hardened, preserved remains of plants or


animals.

nomad a person who has no permanent home.

prehistory the period of time before systems of writing and


record-keeping were developed.

technology the use of methods, materials, and tools to


accomplish work.

EMERGENCE OF RIVER VALLEY


CIVILIZATIONS

4 RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS

NILE RIVER VALLEY


Because of its geography
Egypt developed to become
a peaceful civilization with a
higher standard of living.
People as individuals were
treated with more respect
here than in other
civilizations of the time.
The Nile River Valley is
Surrounded on Four Sides by
Natural Barriers
Red Sea to the East
Desert to the West
Mediterranean to the North
Mountains to the South

GIFTS

OF THE NILE

MAJOR PHARAOHS OF EGYPT

ROSETTA STONE

We didnt know as much


about Egypt until the
mid-1800s after the
Rosetta Stone was
allowed us to decipher
the hieroglyphics of
Egypt
Napoleons officer
discovered the Rosetta
Stone (late 1700s)
Deciphered by
Champanion in early
1800s

FERTILE CRESCENT
Deserts and mountains surround the Fertile Crescent to the north but
because grass grew on these mountains it attracted wandering
tribes who often attacked those living in the River Valley.
City-states protected and isolated each group

NATURAL BOUNDARIES UNFAVORABLE


Both rivers overflow in an
unpredictable manner
The time of year could not be predicted.
The magnitude of turbulence of the flooding could
not be predicted.

The area is called a "crossroad"


because everyone who traveled or
traded between Europe, Africa, and
Asia traveled through this region,
sometimes taking what they wanted

Mesopotamian Trade

The Cuneiform
World

GAVE RISE TO MULTIPLE EMPIRES WITHIN THE


GENERAL REGION THAT CONTROLLED DIFFERENT
TERRITORY BUT HAD SIMILAR CULTURE

ASSYRIA AND ITS RIVALS

THE FIRST EMPIRE BUILDER


Invasion and
conquest were
prominent
features of the
ancient Middle
East. About 2300
BC, Sargon, the
ruler of
neighboring
Akkad, invaded
and conquered
the city-states of
Sumer. He built
the first empire
known to history.

Akkad (in green)

Cuneiform: WedgeShaped Writing

Cuneiform Writing

HAMMURABIS CODE
BABYLONIAN
Stele or Stela
Hammurabi
282
Cuneiform

ASSYRIAN (1ST EMPIRE)


911 BCE 612 BCE

MIDDLE KINGDOM
Himalayas, Kunlun Shan, Tian Shan
Gobi desert
Pacific Ocean to east
rivers
Hwang Hu (Yellow),
Chang Jiang (Yangtze),
Xi Jiang (West)
yellow silt &favorable climate make good farming

ANCIENT DYNASTIES

MANDATE OF HEAVEN
Xia

(first)

2100 BCE 1800 BCE


Shang

1500BCE- 1100BCE
Mandate of Heaven
Zhou

(longest)

1100BCE 256BCE
Confucianism during Axial Age (ca.
500 BCE)

Qin (Chin)
China gets its name from this dynasty

MANDATE OF HEAVEN
Zhou Dynasty
Family of rulers that have the approval
of the ancestors
Dynastic Cycle has added element much
like a divine monarch creates a
theocracy yet as earthly events appear
and have a negative impact then it is
assumed that the emperor has lost the
approval of the ancestors and they
have created the environment

ARE YOU SLEEPING?


Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
Sui, Tang, Song
Sui, Tang, Song
Yuan, Ming, Manchu
Yuan, Ming, Manchu
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong

CONFUCIANISM AND SCHOLARLY-GENTRY


Creates balance
Yin and Yang
Filial piety is the
final link in the
chain of
continuity of the
civilization

INDUS RIVER VALLEY


Harappan
Mohenjo-Daro
subcontinent of Asia:
water on east and
west, mountain
ranges on north
Hindu Kush and Himalayas

southwest monsoon
brings heavy rain
and flooding
enriched soil, but
sometimes great
erosion

ANCIENT GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS IN


SOUTH ASIA

CITIES OF THE INDUS

MOHENJO-DARO
MOUND OF THE DEAD

INDUS RIVER VALLEY


Destruction
well-planned,
citadels,
grid of
streets
clay brick
houses,
plumbing
with sewer
system
bronze and
copper
tools, gold
and silver
jewels, clay
pots, spun
and woven
cloth

DEVELOPMENT OF REGION

Early Food Producing Era (ca. 70005500 BC)


Regionalization Era, (5500-2600 BC)
Regional cultural development
Subdivided into various eras
Emergence of an Early Indus state ca.
2800 BCE and urbanization ca. 2600
BCE

DRAINS & SEWER SYSTEMS

SUCCESSORS TO THE REGION


VEDIC ERA - HINDUISM
Aryans
Rajas
Indo-Europeans
Caste System called Varna
which translates
to color in the
ancient language)
Jati sub-castes

ARYAN INVASION THEORY


Sometime
between 2500
and 1800 BCE
Aryans began moving
into India
Apparently NOT the
cause of the fall of
Indus Civilization
Farmers without written
language
Used Khyber Pass

POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS


Tribe led by chief and
tribal council
Tribes formed small
states
Each state ruled by
king and council of
warriors

Aryans looked down on


conquered people
Laws against marriage of
Aryans with original
valley dwellers
Men permitted more than
one wife
Sons expected to be
warriors and perform
ritual at fathers funeral

ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Mostly farmers
Barley major crop
Most owned their land
Handicrafts in villages
System of barter for goods
Cattle later used as money

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY
Environmental determinism the manner in which
humans and the environment interact.
Man and his culture are shaped by their environment and
while technology allows them to adapt, their underlying
characteristics have already been shaped by their
environment
Systems within a civilization are influenced by the
environment
Humans change and adapt their environment with
technology
Technology are methods that are used by man or mans
attempt to overcome his environment
Possibilism is a different theory that holds that there is
an interdependence between humans and their
physical environment and that while the environment
sets certain constraints, culture is shaped by man

OLMEC- 3500-2500 BCE- SITE LA


Two environments & Agricultural methods
VENTA

Slash and burn agriculture- forested uplands


Irrigation riverine agriculture- riverine lowlands- u-shaped stone drain
lines.
2 or more crops per year
Maize, beans, squash

Lowland riverine populous became the elite


Chiefdom societies- with centers populated at circa
1000 each- rulers, elite, craftspersons
Writing system but un-deciphered though indications
of counting system- Maya used same counting
system so this aspect is translatable.
Items of trade
Highlands- obsidian, jade and Magnetite, cacao (drink for nobility)
Lowlands- mollusk, turtle shell, sharks teeth, and pottery

4 major redistribution/ceremonial centers-

San Lorenzo, La Venta, Tres Zapates, and Laguna de los Cerros

Classic Maya- 2000- 800 BCE- sites Copan & Palenque

CLASSIC CULTURES OF THE AMERICAS

YIN AND YANG


The light color area which
indicates more sunlight is called
Yang (Sun).
The dark color area has less
sunlight (more moonlight) and is
called Yin (Moon).
Yang is like man. Yin is like
woman. Yang wouldn't grow
without Yin. Yin couldn't give
birth without Yang.
Yin is born (begins) at Summer Solstice and
Yang is born (begins) at Winter Solstice.
Therefore one little circle Yin is marked on
the Summer Solstice position. Another little
circle Yang is marked on the Winter Solstice
position.
These two little circles look like two fish eyes.
http://www.chinesefortunecalendar.com/yinyang.htm

THE SPREAD OF BANTU

You might also like