Bipolar Junction

Transistors

EE314

1.History of BJT
2.First BJT
3.Basic symbols and features
4.A little bit of physics
5.Currents in BJT
6.Basic configurations
7.Characteristics
Chapter 13: Bipolar
Junction Transistors

Current Flow in BJT

pnp BJT
-iC

iE

-VCE

-iB

1. Injected h+ current from E to B

2. e- injected across the forward-biased EB junction (current from B
to E)
3. e- supplied by the B contact for recombination with h+
(recombination current)
4. h+ reaching the reverse-biased C junction
5,6.Thermally generated e- & h+ making up the reverse saturation
current of the C junction

Now, you can try

npn BJT

BJTs Basic configurations

npn BJTs Operation Modes

Forward & reverse polarized
pn junctions
Different operation modes:

npn BJTs Operation Modes

When there is no IB current almost
no IC flows
When IB current flows, IC can flow
The device is then a current
controlled current device

Operational modes
can be defined
based on
VBE and VBC

BJT-Basic operation

pnp BJT

npn BJT

(n+), (p+) heavy doped regions; Doping in E>B>C

BJTs Current & Voltage Relationships

Operation mode: vBE is forward & vBC is reverse
The Shockley equation

v BE
i E I ES exp
VT

Einstein relation

D kT

IESsaturation I (10-12-10-16A); VT=kT/q -thermal V (26meV)

D diffusion coefficient [cm2/s]
The Kirchhoffs laws
carrier mobility [cm2/Vs]

iE iC iB

VBE VBC VCE 0

It is true regardless of the bias
conditions of the junction
Useful
parameter

iC

iB

iE

the common-emitter current gain

for ideal BJT is infinite

BJTs Current & Voltage Relationships

Useful
parameter

iC

iE

the common-base current gain

for typical BJT is ~0.99

The Shockley equation

once more

vBE
iC I ES exp
VT

If we define the scale current

I S I ES
A little bit of math search for iB

i B 1 i E
Finally

iC

iB 1

vBE
iC I S
VT

vBE
iB 1 I ES exp
VT

iC iB

BJTs Characteristics
Schematic
Common-Emitter

iC iB

Output

Input

<

>

VBC 0 or equivalently VCE VBE

<

If VCE VBE the B-C junction is

forward bias and IC decreases
Remember VBE has to be greater
Example 13.1
than 0.6-07 V

BJTs Load line analysis

Common-Emitter Amplifier

Input loop

smaller
vin(t)

VBB vin (t ) RB iB (t ) vBE (t )

if iB=0

vBE VBB vin

if vBE=0

iE (VBB vin ) / RB

BJTs Load line analysis

Common-Emitter Amplifier

Output loop

VCC RC iC vCE
Example 13.2

Circuit with BJTs

Our approach: Operating point - dc operating point
Analysis of the signals - the signals to be amplified
Circuit is divided into: model for large-signal dc analysis of BJT circuit
bias circuits for BJT amplifier
small-signal models used to analyze circuits for
signals being amplified

Remember !