Water

Contents of the Presentation

Introduction

Forms of Water

Resources of Water

Study of Water

Water Cycle

Uses of Water

Excess of Water

Scarcity (Absence of Water)

Groundwater

Conservation of Water

Introduction

The water is a chemical substance

with the formula H2O.

The water is very important for life,

because it is vital. The animals or
humans drink water because the
body needs 75% water to do
exercise for example: walk.

Water covers 71% of the Earth. Two

thirds parts of the earth.

Water on Earth moves continually

through the water cycle of
evaporation and transpiration
(evapotranspiration), condensation,
precipitation, and runoff, usually
reaching the sea.

Forms of Water
Solid

Liquid

Gas (Vapour)

Resources of Water

Surface water

Water in a River, Lake, Fresh Water Wetland or Ocean.

Ground water

Water located beneath Earth's surface.

Study of Water

Hydrology is the study of the

movement, distribution, and quality
of water throughout the Earth.

The study of the distribution of

water is Hydrography.

The study of the distribution and

movement of groundwater is
Hydrogeology.

The study of the distribution and

movement of glaciers is Glaciology.

The study of the distribution of

oceans is Oceanography.

Water Cycle

The continuous exchange of water

within the hydrosphere, between
the atmosphere, soil water, surface
water, groundwater, and plants.

Water moves perpetually through

each of these regions in the water
cycle consisting of following
transfer processes:

Evaporation from oceans and other

water bodies into the air and
transpiration from land plants and
animals into air.

Precipitation, from water vapour

condensing from the air and falling
to earth or ocean.

Runoff from the land usually

reaching the sea.

Uses of Water
Agricultural

Industrial

Household

70% of worldwide water is

used for irrigation.

22% of worldwide water is

used in industry. Water is
used in power generation.
Pressurized water is used in
water blasting and water jet
cutters. Etc.

These include drinking

water, bathing, cooking,
sanitation, and gardening.

Uses of Water
For Drinking

Washing

Transportation

To function properly, the

body requires between
one and seven liters of
water per day to avoid
dehydration

The propensity of water to

form solutions and emulsions
is useful in various washing
processes.

The use of water for

transportation of materials
through rivers and canals as
well as the international
shipping lanes is an important
part of the world economy.

Washing is also an important

component of several aspects
of personal body hygiene.

Uses of Water
Chemical Uses

Heat Exchange

Fire Extinction

Water is widely used in

chemical reactions as a
solvent or reactant and
less commonly as a solute
or catalyst.

Water and steam are a

common fluid used for
heat exchange, due to its
availability and high heat
capacity, both for cooling
and heating.

Water has a high heat of

vaporization and is
relatively inert, which
makes it a good fire
extinguishing fluid.

Uses of Water
Recreation

Water Industry

Food processing

Humans use water for many

recreational purposes, as well
as for exercising and for
sports. Some of these include
swimming, waterskiing,
boating, surfing and diving.

The water industry

provides drinking water
and wastewater services
(including sewage
treatment) to households
and industry.

Boiling, steaming, and

simmering are popular
cooking methods that often
require immersing food in
water or its gaseous state,
steam. Water is also used for
dishwashing.

Excess of Water

A flood is an overflow of water that

submerges land which is usually dry.

The primary effects of flooding include

loss of life, damage to buildings and
other structures, including bridges,
sewerage systems, roadways, and canals.

Damage to roads and transport

infrastructure may make it difficult to
mobilize aid to those affected or to
provide emergency health treatment.

Flood waters typically inundate farm

land, making the land unworkable and
preventing crops from being planted or
harvested, which can lead to shortages of
food both for humans and farm animals.

Scarcity (Absence of Water)

Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient

available water resources to meet the
demands of water usage within a region.

Deficiency of Water leads to Drought.

Water scarcity involves water stress,

water shortage or deficits, and water
crisis.

The United Nations Committee declared

that the human right to water entitles
everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable,
physically accessible, and affordable
water for personal and domestic use.

Groundwater

Groundwater is the water located

beneath Earth's surface in soil
pore spaces and in the fractures
of rock formations.

A unit of rock or an
unconsolidated deposit is called
an aquifer when it can yield a
usable quantity of water.

Groundwater supplies nearly half

of all drinking water in the world.

Conservation of Water

The goals of water conservation

efforts is to ensure availability for
future generations.

The strategies include

Any beneficial reduction in water

loss, use and waste of resources.

Avoiding any damage to water

quality.

Improving water management

practices that reduce or enhance
the beneficial use of water.

Conservation of Water

Water-saving technology for the home includes:

Low-flow shower heads, Low-flush toilets as use large

volumes of water,

Turn off water while you are brushing your teeth and open
it when you need to rinse your mouth.

Waste water reuse or recycling systems, allowing:

Rainwater harvesting, Weather-based irrigation controllers.

High-efficiency clothes washers

Low flow taps in wash basins.

Dont use water where it is unnecessary like, washing

driveways, washing trucks frequently, etc. These things
can be done with less water or without using any water.

Reuse water when it is discharged from various processes.

THE END