Virology

dr Jacky Junaedi

The Viruses

General Characteristics
Size, Shape, Classification,
Composition (NA, protein, lipid)
Infectivity (Host range & tissue tropism)

Replication
Phages vs Animal viruses
DNA viruses vs RNA viruses

Definition of a Virus
Sub microscopic entity consisting of
a single nucleic acid surrounded by a
protein coat and capable of
replication only within the living
cells of bacteria, animals or plants.

Definition of a Virus
Obligate
Intracellular
Parasite

The Viruses

General Characteristics
Size:
Shape:
Composition:
Classification:
Infectivity:
Host range
Tissue tropism

Replication
Phages vs Animal viruses
DNA viruses, RNA viruses
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Perspective:
Size

Virus Shape

(d) Helical

(e) Icosahedral

Viral Diversity
and
Methods used in
Classification

Viral
Anatomy

Viral Diversity

Viral Diversity

Viral Diversity

Viral Characteristics

Acellular
Infectious
Phases
Extracellular
Intracellular

Viron structure
Nucelocapsid
Capsid
NA

+/- Envelope

Viral Morphology
Size
10-400 nm

Structural components
Nucleocapsid
Envelope (+/-)

Classifications
NA
ss or ds

Size

Viral Capsid
Function
Protect NA
Aids in transfer to host

Structure
Protein coat
Capsomere arrange
Helical
Polyhedral
Complex

Polyhedral Capsids

Capsomeres are capsid subunits

Naked vs. Enveloped Viruses

Viral Envelope

Presence
Enveloped
Naked (non-enveloped)
Location
Surrounds capsid
Source
Host plasma membrane
Nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Components
Phospholipid
Proteins
Glycoprotein spikes (+/-)
Examples
Influenza
Rabies
Herpes
HIV

Envelope Glycoprotein Spikes

Viral NA
DNA OR RNA
Shape
Circular
Linear

Number
One
Or more

Strands
ss
ds
+ or - if RNA

Viral Classification

dsDNA
Small pox
Herpes
Papilloma
ssDNA
Parvo
dsRNA
Rotavirus
+ssRNA
Polio
Rhino
Corona
-ssRNA
Measles, mumps
Rabies
Influenza
Retroviruses
HIV

Immune Response

IMMUNE
RESPON

Adaptive Immunity

The Viruses

General Characteristics
Size, Shape, Composition (NA, protein, lipid)
Classification, Infectivity (Host range & tissue tropism)

Replication
Phages:
Lytic vs lysogenic infection, Transduction

Animal viruses:
DNA viruses vs RNA viruses, Retroviruses

Effects on Cells
Cytopathology, Organismal effects
Oncogenes and tumorigenesis

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General
Phage
Life
Cycle

Lytic
vs
Lysogenic
Cycle

Transduction

Transduction

Information
Flow in
Different
Viruses

Replication:
A DNA Virus

Replication:
An RNA Virus

5 BASIC TYPES OF VIRAL STRUCTURE

nucleocapsid

icosahedral nucleocapsid

lipid bilayer

ICOSAHEDRAL

ENVELOPED ICOSAHEDRAL

helical nucleocapsid

COMPLEX
nucleocapsid

lipid bilayer
glycoprotein spikes
= peplomers

HELICAL

ENVELOPED HELICAL

Adapted from Schaechter et al., Mechanisms of Microbial Disease

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UNCONVENTIONAL
AGENTS

VIROIDS
RNA only
Small genome
Do not code for protein
So far, only known viroids are in plants

hepatitis delta virus (agent)

- some viroid, some virus features

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UNCONVENTIONAL
AGENTS

PRIONS
protein only?
do not contain any nucleic acid?

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