Universiti Sains Malaysia,

11800 USM, Pulau Pinang

Pusat Pengajian Sains Fizik
School of Physics

DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR CELL BASED CARBON NANOTUBES

NAME
COURSE
PROJECT
SUPERVISOR
EXAMINER
YEAR

: NURUL IZATUL BINTI KAMARUN

: APPLIED SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
: PROF.DR.KAMARULAZIZI IBRAHIM
: DR.NG SHA SHIONG
: 2015

METHODOLOG
Y
Growth of Carbon Nanotubes

Bench-top Ring Mill

Mechine
Zirconia container
2 hours

Sonication
process
30 minutes

0.5 ml DMF
solution

+
Fe
70 %

C
30 %

Al crucible

Microwave
800 w

Development of Solar Cell

Annealing Process

RCA cleaning
Solution
1

( 75C for 10 minutes )

Solution 2
( 15 20 seconds )
Solution 3
( 75C for 10 minutes )

Materialization
Thermal Evaporator
machine
Al contact
7.5 x

Annealing Process
Plasma treatment
15 minutes
80 w

Spin coating
1500 rpm
20 seconds
150 C

Gray Furnace
Chamber
gas
400 C

Schottky Barrier graph

Structure of the devices

DISCUSSION
Carbon Nanotubes
Ferrocene

Raman Spectroscopy
Inner tube ( Fe ) : 270400
= 248. nm /
( MWCNT )
392 = 248. nm /
=0.63 nm

0.660
2

ZETA potential machine

Diameter Fe grind for 2
hours

Image of Fe on FESEM

CNTs

Raman
Spectroscopy

outer tube : 150< 300

= 248. nm /
( MWCNT )

289 = 248. nm /
= 0.86 nm

Raman Spectroscopy data

Notation

Frequen
cy ( )
392
392

Symmet
ry
A
A

289
289
1582
1582
2663

A
A
A,,
-

D band

2663
1334

D band

1334

( inner tube, Fe )
( outer tube, CNTs)
G band
Gband
band

Type of Mode
In
In phase
phase radial
radial displacment
displacment
In
In phase
phase radial
radial displacment
displacment
Graphite related optical mode
Graphite
optical
Overtonerelated
of D band,
highmode
dispersive
Overtone of D band, high
Defect induce, dispersive
dispersive
Defect induce, dispersive

Image CNTs on FESEM ( Fe grind 80 minutes )

Solar Cell

I-V measurement graph on Solar Cell Simulator System

FF / = /
FF = /

I-V measurement data

Performance Parameters

Measurement

0.00000148
0.22364
0.22364

(A)
(V)
()
()
Fill Factor
Fill FactorPower Parameters

(A)

85137.5
85137.5
183411
183411
0.386919
0.386919

Power Parameters

Measurement
Measurement

(V)
Efficiency,(%)

0.000000913
0.000000913
0.14
0.14
0.000128

Efficiency,(%)

0.000128

CONCLUSION
Diameter
Ferrocene
Raman Spectroscopy = 0.63 nm
ZETA Potential Machine
= 0.66 nm
Carbon Nanotubes
Raman Spectroscopy

= 0.86 nm

The diameter of Ferrocene should be less than 1 nm, thus the diameter of
CNTs will be less than 10 nm.
TEM and AFM measurement can be use to characterize the sizing of
Ferrocene.
The more longer sonication process is done it will improve the growth of
CNTs.

CONCLUSION

Efficiency
( efficiency solar cell )

= 0.000128%

The voltage range : 0 V 0.7 V

The Fill Factor value : 0.4 0.85
The best Fill Factor value is 70% to 85 %, cannot be 100% due to PN
junction properties.
The value of and depend on input power.
The efficiency increases when the fill factor is increase.

THE END