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Integration of novel methods in teaching practices

The necessity for research know-how transfer

Vivi Tornari, 1
Foundation for Research and Technology/Institute of Electronic
Structure and Laser, Voutes, 71 110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
2
Jana Kolar,
National and university library, Turjaska 1, 1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia
3
Matija Strli
University of Ljubljana, Akereva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
FORTH/IESL

Research in Cultural Heritage


Social Aims :
contribute to Europes goals for a competitive economy
1.

2.

3.

Support Cultural tourist industry


Know-how Transfer of technology methods and products into
conservation practices to accelerate conservation of movable
and immovable CH (e/g 1 medium size painting restoration =1
restorer per 6 months, laser cleaning ~30 h, 4000 paintings in
NGA storeroom)
Generate emerging competitive markets
Attract SMEs, companies manufacturers and companies service
providers to invest in the field of CH (few dedicated SME/EU)
Support to Knowledge-based society

maintain the pioneering role of Europe in preservation of


the cultural heritage worldwide
catalyse the establishment of new scientific methodologies
Distribute new instruments, services and know-how
FORTH/IESL

Some examples of New Technology


in Conservation and Restoration of CH
1. Analytical Techniques Laser Spectroscopy: Fluorescence (LIF),
Plume (LIBS), Raman, Neutron sources, synchrotrons,
chemiluminescence
2. Structural
techniques Laser Interferometry: Holography, Vibrometry
3. Imaging Techniques

Multispectral Imaging from UV to IR

4. Laser Cleaning Fundamental studies, Cleaning control on-line, Cleaning


workstations Immediate or long-term effects (Photochemical, thermal and
photomechanical
5. Holographic sensors: authenticity control
6. Fiber and holography sensors: environmental monitoring
7. Services: best practices and standards
etc.
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Main Advantages in CH applications


Analytical and diagnostic instrumentation: Enhanced
Information on composition and structural integrity
Non-destructive or micro-destructive
Non sample removal, Highly sensitive
Advanced Imaging techniques
Portable for in situ applications
Fast and repeatable diagnosis and restoration
Applicable to movable and immovable art
etc

FORTH/IESL

Some examples.
Structural Diagnostics by holographic interferometry
PRIORITY RISK MAP
RELATIVE MICRODISPLACEMENT
2m/cm

1,6m/cm
1,2m/cm

0,8m/cm

Saint Sebastian, (attr. to Rafaelo)

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0,4m/cm

Laser Cleaning
Before Laser Cleaning

After Laser Cleaning

Cross Section

Profile
Illumination

17th Century Icon fully wheathered!

Any mechanical or chemical means for its conservation were found inappropriate!
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Fluorescence emission differentiates


between retouching and original paint

Fluorescence Intensity (arb. units)

LIF spectra of an 18th century oil painting

point 3 (restored)
point 4 (original)

400

450

500

550

600

650

wavelength (nm)

exc = 355 nm; Nd:YAG laser 3rd harmonic

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Portable Structural instrumentation

Defect mapping
Age differentiation
Knights Crypt, Malta

Integrated multitask diagnosis system


(LaserACT EVK4-CT-2002-00096)
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Environmental
impact

Elements in the turnover of the CH sector*


Why no
investment from
SMEs ?

I nvestments pr i vate
Investments publ i c
5%

and char i ti es /
f oundati ons
16 %

I ncome
f r omcul tur al
her i tage tour i sm
79 %

*Reference 1) Cultural Heritage Monuments and historic buildings as value generators in a postindustrial
FORTH/IESL economy by Dr. T. Nypan, Direcotrate for Cultural Heritage, Norway.

Turnover ch sector compared with other figures

bill Euro
350

338

300
250
200

Increased tourism means


increased preservation costs

183

150
89

100
50

39
17

0
Turnover CH
M aintenance
sector for
investments all
tourism Europe
parties

Revenue USA
Computer
Peripheral
Industry

Trurnover
BM W group
2001

Turnover VW
group 2001

R&D spendings
major US
companies

Dedicated cultural heritage tourist spends more money when travelling than
other tourists, approx daily spending is 60% higher than other tourists /
travellers.
Dossier Musei 2005, I Dossier del Touring Club Italiano.

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But what is the situation ?


Employed pr. industrial sector
12 000 000
12 000 000

employees

10 000 000

7 878 317 8 184 550

8 000 000
6 000 000
4 000 000
2 000 000

No target
group for
SMEs
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1 900 000

1 700 000

306 233

Direct CH

Indirect CH

Total CH

Atomobile
Ind. Direct

Automobile
everything

Chemical
industry

Source: DCH Norway, European Automobile Association, European Chemical Industry Association, 2002

..The problem of know-how transfer


Education

Novel
methods

No training
No SMEs
No diffusion
= No impact

EC and
National
funded CH
Research

But

Endusers

Public
Increase in
Cultural
Access

SMEs
Increase
demand in
restoration
actions

Increased
investment
and jobs

Hypothetical progress

Established University courses addressing CH are primarily linked to architecture and civil engineers schools !!!
The rare and spread approval for EC funded courses (e.g RAPHAEL) is fragmented
Rare SMEs organized courses are expensive and for limited number of students
How many conservation students can be updated on research results and how
How many schools around Europe exist for such a purpose

How many conservation departments are equipped with relevant teachers or training laboratories and why not

FORTH/IESL

Roadmap for Social impact of


Know-how transfer
Educational Training familiarises endusers with novel
methods/technology results
Familiarised users request frequent updating
Requests create demands
Demands create new markets
New markets attract or create SMEs
SMEs investment attract or create new research
Research boosts economy growth
Economy growth in CH safeguards preservation
Recent Examples: -COST G7 Workshop Ljubljana 2005 80 applicants
-Project Demo Laseract Paris 2006
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~110 applicants

Recommendations
Apply mechanisms for research dissemination to CH organisations
Enhance dissemination of products/services to SMEs
Funding for new methods into courses and teaching practices
Training in research results for both tutors and students
EU funding should require tangible research results and in turn
explore and invest on them (patents, spin-offs, programs,.)

Funded Research perspectives being put by networking committees


of involved scientists and technology providers
Education providers and Endusers being regularly updated and
informed by EC dedicated programs in pan-European level

FORTH/IESL

CH
RESEARCH

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Thank you for your attention

FORTH/IESL

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