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Faradays Law
Electricity generator, or from B to E.
1. Battery Chemical emf
2. Motional emf
3. Faradays Law of Induction
4. Lenzs Law about the emf direction
A dry-cell battery
Chemical reactions in the
battery cells transport
charge carriers (electrons)
from one terminal to the
other to create the needed
electric potential (emf) to
drive the current through
the outside load, a light bulb
here.
r
r r
With F qv B
When equilibrium
FB qvB FE qE
FB qvB FE qE
One has
E vB
Or the emf, potential difference:
emf V E l vB l
emf vB l
I vB l / R
FB I lBx
x
FG mgx
r
r
r
v lB
ma
FG FB mg
x
mg
v lB
dv
dt
dv
dt
mR
,
2
v g
l
B
v g 1 e , Q v t 0 0
FG mgx
Changing B
Changing
Lenzs Law
the direction of the induced emf
Lenzs
law:
dB
dt
Lenzs Law
A loop of wire is
connected to a
sensitive ammeter
Determine the current
in the loop when the
magnet is being
Example: a transformer
Rotating Loop
Assume a loop with N
turns, all of the same
area rotating in a
magnetic field
The flux through the loop
at any time t is
B = BA cos
= BA cos t
So
d B
emf N
NBA sin t
dt
The emf is a sin wave: AC.
Generators
DC Generators
Motors
Motors
Motors, cont.
Useful
Motors, final
The
The
Eddy Currents
E gds dt