LANDSCAPE

&
SITE PLANNING

ENERGY CONSUMPTION
16%

5%

57%

22%
Air Conditioning

Area Lights

Maintenance

Ventilation fans

Break-up of energy consumption

COOLING LOAD COMPONENTS

A Break Up Of The Heat Gain Through Various Building
Components
26
%
55
%

WALL CONDUCTION

3%

16
%

GLAZING CONDUCTION
INTERNAL GAINS (LIGHT, PEOPLE,COMPUTERS)
ROOF CONDUCTION

Major Climatic Zones India

HOT & DRY
Open space with a northern exposure is preferred over open space with
a southern exposure.
Building shape may be more important than orientation.
The best combination of shape and orientation is an elongated building
on an east-west axis.
Orientation so as to facilitate proper passage of air ventilation.
Buildings should be aligned close to each other.
Avoidance of excess dry ground, pavement.

Landscaping

East Side Deciduous Trees

West Side Evergreen Trees
South Side Avoiding hardscape
Presence of water body

South Facade Deciduous Creepers

WARM & HUMID

SITE PLANNING

Channel summer breezes toward the home.

Maximize summershadewith trees that still allow penetration of low-angle
winter sun.
Elongated plans, single row of rooms to facilitate ventilation.
Low rise is generally preferred.
If building is low rise, proper wind channeling would be of greater priority.
If building is high rise, avoiding direct sunlight would be of greater priority.

LANDSCAPING

Avoid locating planting beds close to the home if they require

frequentwatering.

COMPOSITE

SITE PLANNING

Moderately dense and low rise development is preferred.

Enclosure walls to protect from hot & dusty winds.
Courtyard is normally preferred.

LANDSCAPE

High vegetation around helps to reduce dust.

Deciduous plants are preferred.
Courtyard with pergola and deciduous creepers is
preferred.

TEMPERATE

SITE PLANNING

Maximize warming effects of the sun in the winter.

Maximizeshadeduring the summer.
Deflect winter windsaway from buildings with windbreaks of trees and shrubs on
the north and northwest side of the house.
Tunnel summer breezes toward the home.

COLD

SITE PLANNING
Use densewindbreaksto protect the home from cold winter winds.
Allow the winter sun to reach south-facing windows.
Shadesouth and west windows and walls from the direct summer sun,
if summer overheating is a problem.

LANDSCAPING
Coniferous trees is more preferable. Some of the temperate trees can
also survive in this region.

DEVELOPMENT AND BUILDING

FOOTPRINT
Minimising the development footprint
(building footprint, roadway, walkway,
parking areas, or other hardscape)
Design a taller building with a smaller
footprint, rather than a shorter building
with a larger footprint (given the GFA is
the same in both cases)
The overall intent is to minimise its
impact
on
its
site,
surrounding
environment and resources which is why
minimising impervious surfaces and
maximising green and open space are key
initial steps towards meeting that goal.

DEVELOPMENT AND BUILDING

FOOTPRINT
Provide the minimum number of parking spaces required by
code and encourage alternative or mass transportation.
This will reduce the area required for parking and roadway
which usually are impervious surfaces. o Place vehicular parking
underground or in a multi-storey parking garage.
Underground parking garages need to be evaluated in terms of
cost and benefit since mechanical or conditioned ventilation is
then required which adds energy demand.
However, this strategy does minimise site area required for
parking and therefore reduce heat island impacts.
Above ground parking garages can be naturally ventilated while
still minimising site area required as compared to a surface
parking lot. o Minimise road areas on site.
Good site planning can keep internal roadways and other
associated accesses (i.e. Loading or services) to a minimum.

Bringing in daylight via window openings at appropriate heights, skylights and/or

atrium spaces.

Establishing and understanding prevailing wind directions and how they work on your
specific site will affect massing and orientation decisions.

Built-up areas cause local temperatures to rise due to surface absorption and
radiation of solar heat, resulting in heat island effects.

Why Landscaping ?

Cut summer and winter energy

costs dramatically.
Help control noise and air pollution.
Can reduce ambient air
temperature, improve air quality
Mitigate Urban Heat Island effect.
Reduces heat gain and energy
consumption

GROUND GREENERY
GREEN ROOFS
VERTICAL GREEN WALLS

Godrej Bhavan Terrace Garden, Mum

MAIN TYPES OF GREENERY:

GROUND GREENERY
protects against heat build-up
controls ambient temperatures at a macro level.
Includes water bodies, paving etc.

GREEN ROOFS
provides thermal insulation to interior spaces below it
becomes a habitable space for people and animals,
thereby promoting biodiversity.
slows storm water runoff and improve its quality

VERTICAL GREEN WALLS

reduces heat transmission into the building, if installed on the
east and west faades protects the faade from weathering
forms feature walls that express creativity
requires early consideration for maintenance,
structural safety, irrigation and long-term durability of the
backing wall.

GROUND COVER

Trees
Grass
Shrubs
Creepers

Shrubs, palms and small

trees may be planted densely
and linearly or as an
alternative to fencing,
boundary walls, etc.
They can soften and
disguise the boundary lines
and create an overall green
appearance for the
streetscape and
neighborhood.
They can also be used to
demarcate different areas of
use, restrict movement into
the area.

Bio-swales are densely

vegetated open channels
constructed with gentle slopes
to allow runoff to be
channeled and filtered by
vegetation.
The runoff that passed
through the bio-swales can
be directed away for re-use or
to public drains.
Bio-swales further help to
slow down the flow and
reduce the amount of storm

SKYRISE GREENERY

Vertical greenery systems on faades

Sky terraces, balcony planters and green
balconies
Support
Carrier
System

System

SKY GARDEN
Increase the thermal resistance
of the roofs
Roof top gardens have been
measured to reduce surface
temperatures of roof by more
than 10C.
Extensive green
roofs

Intensive green
roofs

Careful selection and

planting of trees around
your home can help reduce
your energy bills.

Cooling by evaporation
decreases as the humidity in

Provide outdoor shade for

summer and greatly reduce
the ground temperature

a lush garden enabling you to

take advantage of the cooling

The form, density and rigidity of vegetation will affect air

movement differently.
They may even reduce the heat content of the air passing
through its foliage to bring about a temperature reduction
of the wind.
Shrubs outside a window can also create positive and
negative pressure zones, thereby channeling and increasing
the wind velocity as it enters the room.

IGBC Standards
1 Total paved area of the site under parking, roads, paths
or any other use should not exceed 25% of the site area or
net imperviousness of the site not to exceed the
imperviousness factor as prescribed by the NBC 2005 (BIS
2005b), whichever is more stringent.
Total surface parking should not exceed the area as
permissible under the local by-law and
more than 50% of the paved area to have pervious
paving/open-grid pavement/ grass paver or
a minimum 50% of the paved area (including parking) to
have shading by vegetated roof/pergola with planters or
a minimum 50% of the paved area (including parking) to
be topped with finish having solar reflectance of 0.5 or
higher.

ENERGY SAVING
A well-planned landscape can cut down the
summer air-conditioning costs by 15% to
50%.
Keep land disturbance to a minimum and
retain prime vegetation features to the
extent possible.
Reduce building and paving footprints.
Use porous (pervious) alternatives to
traditional paving for roads and walkways.
(SRI > 49)

ENERGY SAVING
Identify trees that can be protected and conserved.
Depending on the type of species, trees can take
at least 5 years to reach maturity. Hence, they
should be left intact as long as possible. If not,
they should be removed and transplanted back to
the development when it is completed.
Houses with windbreaks placed only on the
windward side averaged 25% less consumption
than similar unprotected homes.
well-planned landscape can reduce your winter
heating bills by approximately one-third.

Wind sheltering

Sound barrier

Visual barrier