KIRCHOFFS LAW

Introduction
Ohm's Law described the relationship between
current, voltage, and resistance. These circuits
have been relatively simple in nature.
Many circuits are extremely complex and
cannot be solved with Ohm's Law. These circuits
have many power sources and branches which
would make the use of Ohm's Law impractical or
impossible.
Kirchhoffs Law is an important algebraic in
solving the currents and voltages of the circuit.

Definition

Node A point or junction in a circuit where

two or more components connect.

Loop A closed path in a circuit.

Voltage drop The voltage between any two

specific points of an electrical conductor.

Branch A single or group of components

such as resistors or a source which are
connected between two nodes.

Parts
Kirchhoff can be divided into two parts:
Kirchhoffs

Current Law (KCL)

Kirchhoffs

Voltage Law (KVL)

Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)

Kirchhoff's current law states that the algebraic sum
of the currents entering at a node (i.e., any junction of
wires) equals the sum of the currents leaving that node.
Or the algebraic sum of all currents at any node
in a circuit is equal to zero.

Current In = Current
Out
I1= I2+I3
i.e. I 1 + (- I 2 ) + (- I 3 ) = 0
= 0

Hukum Kirchoff Arus

Jumlah

algebra arus yang memasuki

sebarang titik persimpangan atau nod
di dalam litar elektrik adalah bersamaan
dengan jumlah algebra arus yang
keluar dari titik persimpangan tersebut.

Kirchhoffs Current Law (Example)

I4 = 3A
I5 = 1A
I1 = 2A

I3

I2 = 5A

Refer to the figure above, calculate current I3.

Kirchhoffs Current Law (Example)

Solution
Current entering node : I1 = 2A , I2 = 5A
Current leaving node : I3 = ?, I4 = 3A, I5 = 1A
Using Kirchhoffs Current Law,
Current entering node = Current leaving node
I1 + I 2 = I 3 + I 4 + I 5
I3 = I 1 + I 2 - I 4 - I 5
=2+5-3-1
=3A

Kirchhoffs Voltage Law

Kirchhoffs Voltage Law states that the sum of voltage
drop is equal to the total source voltage.
Or the algebraic sum of voltage source and voltage
drop in a circuit is zero.
Voltage equation

R1
+

VR1

VR2

VS

R3

VR3

VS = VR1 + VR2 + VR3

R2

or
VS VR1 VR2 VR3 = 0

Hukum Kirchoff Voltan

Dalam

sebarang litar elektrik yang

lengkap jumlah algebra bagi d.g.e
mestilah bersamaan dengan jumlah
algebra kejatuhan (susut) voltan pada
perintang dalam litar (gelung) tersebut.

Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (Example)

R
+

R 1

4 V
V

R 3

6 V

8 V

Refer to the figure above, calculate the

voltage source VS..

R 2

Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (Example)

Solution
Using Kirchhoffs Voltage Law
VS VR1 VR2 VR3 = 0
VS = VR1 + VR2 + VR3
=4 + 8 + 6
= 18 V

Example 1
Find the current value of I1, I2 and I3
R 1= 5

I2

I1

R 2=2

I3
Loop 1
E = 12 v

Loop 2
R 3=3

R 4= 4

Example 2
Find the current through the resistor 120 ,
240 ND 200 by using Kirchoff Law.
R1 = 120

+
E1 = 6V

R2 = 240

R3
200

+
-

E2
12 V

I1

Example 3
Refer on the below diagram find the value of : Currents I1, I2, I3, I4 and I5 using Kirchhoffs
Law.

I2
100

I3

I1

20

20

I4

100

40

I5
10V

Thank You