ANATOMY OF CRANIAL

NERVES

Purely sensory?
Purely motor?
Mixed?

CN

Name

Type

Function

Result of
lesion

Olfactory

Sensory SVA

Smell

Ansomia

CN

Name

Type

Functio
n

Result of lesion

II

Optic

Sensory
SSA

vision

Visual field deficit (anopsia)

Loss of light reflex

CN

Name

Type

III

Oculomotor Motor GSE,

Function

Result of
lesion

-innervates
superior, middle
and inferior rectus
muscles

-diplopia,
external
strabismus,
loss of
parallel gaze
-ptosis

GVE
-raises eyelids
(levator palpebrae
superiosis)
-constrict pupil
-accommodates
eyes

-dilated
pupil, loss of
light reflex
-loss of near
response

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Name

Type

Function

Result of lesion

IV

Trochlear

Motor
GSE

-Superior obliqueturn eyeball

downward and
laterally

-weakness looking
down with abducted
eyes
-trouble going
downstairs
-head tilts away
from lesion side

-intorts

CN

Name

Trigeminal
-Ophthalmic
division V1

-Maxillary
V2

-Mandibular
V3

Type

Function

Result of
lesion

-sensory
GSA

-general sensation
(touch,pain,temperatu
re) of forehead ,scalp,
cornea

-loss of general
sensation in
skin of
forehead,scalp
Loss of blink
reflex with VII

-sensory
GSA

-general sensation of
palate,nasal
cavity,maxillary teeth
and face

-motor
SVE

-muscles of
mastication(temporalis
,masseter, medial and
lateral pterygoids),
anterior belly of

-loss of general
sensation in
skin over the
maxilla and
maxillary teeth
-jaw deviation
toward the
weak side
-trigeminal
neuralgia

V3

Sensory
GSA

General
sensation of
anterior two
thirds of
tongue,
mandibular
face and
teeth

Loss of
sensation in
skin over
the
mandible
,mandibular
teeth,
tongue,
weakness in
chewing

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Name

Type

Function

Result of
lesion

VI

Abducens

Motor GSE

Lateral
rectusabducts
eyeball

Diplopia,
internal
strabismus,
loss of
parallel gaze
pseudoptosi
s

CN

Name

Type

Function

VII

Facial

Motor SVE

-muscles of facial
expression, stylohyoid,
stapedius, posterior
belly of digastric

Result of
lesion

-Corner of
mouth
droops,
cannot close
eyes, cannot
Sensory SVA
-taste from anterior
winkle
2/3 of the tongue, floor forehead,
of mouth and palate
loss of blink
reflex ,
Secreto-motor
Submandibular and
hyperacusis.
GVE
sublingual salivary
Bell palsy
Parasympathetic glands, lacrimal glands
-Pain behind
ear
-Alteration or
loss of taste
-Eye dry and
red

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Name

Type

VIII

Vestibulocochlear

Sensory
SSA

-Vestibular

-cochlear

Function

-from utricle
and saccule
and
semicircular
canalsposition and
movement of
head
-organ of cortihearing

Result of
lesion
-sensorineural
hearing loss
-loss of
balance,
nystagmus

CN

Name

Type

IX

Glossopharyngea -Motor SVA

l
secretomot
or GVE

Function

Result
of lesion

-stylopharyngeus
muscles- assists in
swallowing

Loss of
gag
reflex
with CN
X

-parotid salivary
glands

-general sensations
-sensory
and taste from
GVA,SVA,GS posterior one third of
A
the tongue and
pharynx, carotid sinus
(baroreceptor), carotid
body (chemoreceptor)

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Nam
e

Type

Vagus Mixe
d

Function

Result of lesion

-muscles of palate and

pharynx for swallowing
except for tensor palati V
and stylopharyngeus IX
-muscles of larynx
(phonates)
-sensory of larynx and
laryngopharynx
-sensory Of GIT
-GI smooth muscles and
glands in foregut and midgut

-nasal speech and

nasal regurgitation
-dysphagia, palate
droop
-uvula pointing away
from the affected
side
-hoarseness, fixed
vocal cord
Loss of gag reflex
with IX
-loss of cough reflex

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Name

Type

Function

Result of
lesion

XI

Accessory

Motor

Head rotation to the

opposite sidesternocleidomastoid
-elevates and rotates the
scapula- trapezius

Weakness
turning chin
to the
opposite side
Shoulder
droop

CN

Name

Type

Function

Result of
lesion

XII

Hypoglossal

Motor

Muscles of
tongue
except
palatoglossu
s

Tongue
pointing
toward the
affected side
on
protrusion