Dean’s Cabinet April, 2008

Igor Mezic,
Director
Center for Energy Efficient Design (CEED),
Head,
Buildings & Design Solutions Group, IEE

Integrated,
Energy-Efficient Design
Center for Energy Efficient
Dean’s Design
Cabinet April 17, 2008

• Integrated Building Systems

• Energy Efficiency in Transportation

• Energy Storage
• Energy Harvesting and Micropower
(off-grid) Generation
• Data Center Cooling
• Smart Grid
Interdisciplinary. Unifying theme:

Dynamics. Control. Computation.

Faculty: Bamieh, Chong, Bullo, El Abbadi,

Gibou, Hespanha, Khammash, Homsy, Yuen, Matthys,
Mezic, Moehlis, Pennathur, Wolsky, Yang, Madhow

(2 National Academy Members, 3 Sloan Fellows,

numerous other awards)
 Why
Dean’s Buildings?
Cabinet April 17, 2008

U.S. Buildings Produce

• 48 % of carbon emissions

• U.S. Buildings Consume

• 39 % of total U.S. energy
• 71% of U.S. electricity
• 54% of U.S. natural gas

Jeff Moehlis, I.M.

Sources: High Performance Commercial Buildings: A Technology Roadmap, U.S. DOE., US GBC, DOE EIA CBECS Database, Table C2A and 5B.
What are we trying to do? Why does it matter?
Energy Breakdown by Sector
What are we trying to do? Why does it matter?
Energy Breakdown by Sector

Sensor Work:
Prof. Francesco Bullo,
Prof. Madhow Upamanyu
 What are we trying to do? Why does it matter?
Energy Breakdown by Sector

Can
Can we do 70% better in NEW buildings? 90% better?
we do

50% better in RETROFITS?

Sensor Work:
Prof. Francesco Bullo,
Prof. Madhow Upamanyu
How is it done today, and what are the limitations of current practice?
•“Properly applied offtheshelf or state-of-the-shelf technologies are available to
achieve low-energy buildings. However, these strategies must be applied together
and properly integrated in the design, installation, and operation to realize
energy savings. There is no single efficiency measure or checklist of measures
to achieve low-energy buildings.”
-NEED FOR INTEGRATION OF BEST-In-CLAS COMPONENTS
•“-There was often a lack of control software or appropriate control logic to allow the
technologies to work well together.
-Design teams were too optimistic about the behavior of the occupants and their
acceptance of systems.
-Energy savings from daylighting were substantial, but were generally less than
expected.
-Plug loads were often greater than design predictions.
-Effective insulation values are often inflated when comparing the actual building
to the asdesigned building.
-PV systems experienced a range of operational performance degradations.
Common degradation sources included snow, inverter faults, shading, and parasitic
standby losses. “
-NEED INTEGRATED CONTROL SOFTWARE AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
•Each of these buildings saved energy, with energy use 25% to 70% lower than code.
Although each building is a good energy performer, additional energy efficiency
and on-site generation is required for these buildings to reach DOE’s ZEB goal.
-NEED FOR FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT DESIGN BLUEPRINTS

Unique Faculty in CCDC

Cookie-cutter
How is it done today, and what are the limitations of current practice?
•“Properly applied offtheshelf or state-of-the-shelf technologies are available to
achieve low-energy buildings. However, these strategies must be applied together
and properly integrated in the design, installation, and operation to realize

What does the energy savings. There is no single efficiency measure or checklist of measures
to achieve low-energy buildings.”
-NEED FOR INTEGRATION OF BEST-In-CLAS COMPONENTS
•“-There was often a lack of control software or appropriate control logic to allow the

DNA of a Zero Energy Building

technologies to work well together.
-Design teams were too optimistic about the behavior of the occupants and their
acceptance of systems.
-Energy savings from daylighting were substantial, but were generally less than
expected.
-Plug loads were often greater than design predictions. LOOK LIKE?
-Effective insulation values are often inflated when comparing the actual building
to the asdesigned building.
-PV systems experienced a range of operational performance degradations.
Common degradation sources included snow, inverter faults, shading, and parasitic
standby losses. “
-NEED INTEGRATED CONTROL SOFTWARE AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
•Each of these buildings saved energy, with energy use 25% to 70% lower than code.
Although each building is a good energy performer, additional energy efficiency
and on-site generation is required for these buildings to reach DOE’s ZEB goal.
-NEED FOR FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT DESIGN BLUEPRINTS

Unique Faculty in CCDC

Cookie-cutter
What is new in our approach / technology, and why do we think it will be successful?
Current efforts give you a dashboard.

We can provide

Lucid Design Group Agilewaves Building

Energy Efficiency
Building Dashboard Dashboard Cruise Control.

Best
Components,
Best Integration
Tools! Power grid:
a complex system.
 Dean’s Cabinet April 17, 2008

Uncertainty
Uncertainty Management
Management Tool
Tool 3:
3: DSample
DSample
Deterministic
Deterministic Test
Test Vectors
Vectors for
for Accurate
Accurate Sampling
Sampling

Sharp increase in accuracy with new

Sampling tool (red) vs standard method (blue)

-Automatically produces test vectors for uncertainty analysis, beating the curse of dimensionality .
Example of use: to reduce cost of physical testing, perform model-based testing of a subsystem
whose description contains 100 to 1000s of states and physical parameters that are not
known exactly, but only within a range, such as outside temperature.
-The tool (DSample) produces a set of deterministic test vectors for such simulation.
DSAMPLE precision does not depend on the number of dimensions and it beats the
speed of the competing algorithms by orders of magnitude.
 DARPA Robust Uncertainty Management

DyNARUM Program
• Develop analysis and design tools for Uncertainty Management in large
Dynamical Systems
• Demonstrate complexity management tools in problems with 10,000+
states/parameters.
• Close collaboration with industrial partner (United Technologies Corporation)
 Dean’s Cabinet April 17, 2008

Uncertainty
Uncertainty Management
Management Tool
Tool 1:
1: VERTool
VERTool
Simplification
Simplification Using
Using Graphical
Graphical Decompositions
Decompositions

Layered system decomposition

-Automatically finds chains of influences in complex systems with 1000’s of variables

Example of use: vendor change requests a small change in communication protocol
linking two components. What are the possible negative consequences
for system performance? Which other components will be affected?
-The tool (VERTool) produces a layered decomposition, that enables
efficient system analysis.
 Dean’s Cabinet April 17, 2008

Uncertainty
Uncertainty Management
Management Tool
Tool 2:
2: COORTool
COORTool
Simplification
Simplification Using
Using Global
Global Modes
Modes

time

Global (emergent) mode oscillation

-Automatically finds global description variables in complex systems with 1000’s of variables
Example of use: Design of an system leads to unwanted oscillations that represent themselves
on the scale of the system (i.e. state of every component oscillates in time),
with no apparent cause from a single component. Which changes are necessary
to remove oscillatory behavior?
-The tool (COORTool) produces a description of the system in global variables that reveal
cause and effect relationships at system scale.
 A Power Grid Model

Classical

Alternative
 DOE seed project (with LBL,UTC)

Energy Efficiency in a UC Merced building

The Classroom and Office Building

at UC Merced
A small number of parameters affect energy output!
•92000sq ft. Leed gold building
 LocalCabinet
Dean’s interactions
April 17, 2008

•Associate Vice Chancellor for Campus Design and Facilities, Marc Fisher
•Division of Student Affairs (Bill McTague)
•Facilities Management (David McHale)

otal energy expenditure on campus ~$8 mil/year

otal student affairs energy expenditure ~$1 mil/year
rong interest within DSA in energy efficiency; goals:
Zero Net Energy (ZNE) for all SA buildings
Zero Net Energy means energy efficiency improvements
combined with on site energy generation to cover the energy
requirements of the building on an annual basis.

LEED-EBOM Platinum
adership in Energy and Environmental Design – Existing Building Operations and Maintenance)
ing for all Student Affairs buildings.
Student Resources
Dean’s CabinetBuilding
April 17, 2008
Dean’s Cabinet April 17, 2008
 Recreation Center
Dean’s Cabinet April 17, 2008

•50% of all Divisions of Student Affairs energy costs

•Relatively simple use of our modeling and optimization tools
can improve energy efficiency substantially (e.g. just swimming pool
thermal cover scheduling optimization can lead to up to 30% savings)
 LocalCabinet
Dean’s interactions
April 17, 2008

•Southern California Edison support for study of integrated system design:

cost-benefit, engineering/economics/sustainability study
 PARTNERSHIPS

National laboratories

Student Affairs

CEED
Commercial partners Facilities

Funding agencies

International partnerships