Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Janeetta J.V
Physical science
Csi college of education
parassala
NANO MATERIALS
Nanotechnology
the most promising technology that can be applied
almost all spheres of life
Nanomaterials
Dimension less than 100 nm
Classified into nanocrystalline materials and nanoparticles.
Nanoparticles have a much greater surface area per unit mass
compared with larger particles.
Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
Exhibit unique physical and chemical properties due to their
limited size and a high density of corner or edge surface sites.
Applications of Nanomaterials
water filters, medical, textiles, cosmetics and drug delivery.
CdO
n-type degenerate semiconducting metal oxide with a wide
band gap that varies from 2.2-2.8 eV, high conductivity, large linear
refractive index (n0 = 2.49), high transparency in the visible range of
solar spectrum, one of the semiconducting oxides with high carrier
mobility, and has great potential for using in optoelectronic devices.
Methylene blue
XRD analysis
The observed d spacings and the respective prominent
peaks for the calcinedCdO nanoparticles correspond to
reflections of (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222) planes and are
in good agreement with the standard data (JCPDS card no.: 750593).
Samples
d spacing []
hkl
Observed
Standard
CdO400
2.70892
2.34637
1.65961
1.41542
1.35537
2.7111
2.3479
1.6602
1.4158
1.3555
1
2
2
3
2
1
0
2
1
2
1
0
0
1
2
0.5CuCdO400
2.71227
2.34939
1.66064
1.41617
1.35631
2.7111
2.3479
1.6602
1.4158
1.3555
1
2
2
3
2
1
0
2
1
2
1
0
0
1
2
Sample
Details
Lattice
Paramet
er (a)
CdO 400
4.6937
0.5CuCdO
400
Determination
4.6978
Standard
Lattice Parameter
(a)
4.69582
Volum
e
3
Standard
Volume
3
103.4
0
103.55
103.6
7
parameter
(a) using
B-J
plo
t
N-R
plo
t
4.702
78
4.696
47
4.697 4.695
8
86
4.697
07
4.693
7
Standa
rd
4.6958
2
Crystallite size
The average size D of the samples was calculated using
the Debye Scherer formula
D=0.94/( cos)..................................(3)
2[2Th]
FWHM[2Th] D(nm)
CdO 400
33.041
0.2
44.6924
38.331
0.22
41.1001
55.31
0.22
43.7239
65.943
0.21
48.4911
69.27
0.22
47.0701
33.0269
0.00175
99.44132
38.3122
0.00262
62.0669
55.2726
0.00249
70.1572
65.9033
0.0032
56.0326
69.2127
0.0032
57.1254
CuCdO 400
Average D
39.32
73.83
Absorption
% Degradation
0.58
0.45
22
0.37
36
0.32
44
0.22
62
0.16
72
Absorption
% Degradation
0.5
0.38
24
0.31
38
0.24
52
0.18
64
CONCLUSION
Nano-sized pure and Cu2+ doped cadmium oxide powder
was successfully synthesized using the chemical coprecipitation method.
The pure and Cu2+ doped CdO particles were in cubic
(fcc) structure.
Precise determination of lattice parameter of pure and
Cu2+ doped CdO nanoparticles was done by Bradley-Jay and
Nelson-Riley extrapolation methods.
The crystallite sizes for pure and Cu-doped CdO were
calculated using Scherrer formula.
Crystallinity increased on Cu doping, which was
observed by the increase of intensity of the reflections.
The degradation rate of methylene blue followed the
pseudo-first order kinetics.
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