Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Micromachining Process
Debkalpa Goswami
Department of Production
Engineering
Jadavpur University
B. Prod. E. III
Roll: 001011701033
Light
Amplification by
Stimulated
Emission of
Radiation
Population
Inversion
Albert Einstein
Stimulated
Emission
Amplification
2
T. H. Maiman
Population Inversion
N 2 N1e
E2 E1
kT
Stimulated Emission
h E2 E1
4
Amplification
I1 r1r2 I 0 e
r1r2e
2 k L
2 kth L
1 1
kth
ln
2 L r1r2
5
Gas Lasers
HeNe (632.8 nm)
CO2 (10,600 nm)
Argon (488, 514.5 nm)
Kumar Patel
Semiconductor Lasers
InGaAs (980 nm)
Material Parameters
intensity
absorptivity
wavelength
thermal
conductivity
spatial and
temporal coherence
specific heat
angle of incidence
density
polarization
latent heat
illumination time
Thermal Effects
T z , t
2T z , t
T
z
,
0
0
2
t
z
T 0, t
k
H
z
for
1 0 t tp
0 t tp
z
12
4 t ierfc
12
4 t
T z , t
12
2H 1 2 1 2
z
z
t ierfc
t
ierfc
4 t 1 2
k
4 t t p
ierfc x
1
exp x 2 x 1 erf x
where erf x
e
d .
0
0 z
1 2
0 t tp
heating
t tp
cooling
10
Hzmax
Tm
ierfc
kT
T
b
b
11
12
2r 2
I r I 0 exp
2
w
2T x, y , z , t 2T x, y, z , t 2T x, y , z , t
T x, y, z , t
2
2
2
t
13
Pulse Shapes
14
x vt
2T , y, z , t 2T , y, z , t 2T , y, z , t
T , y, z , t T , y, z , t
v
2
2
2
T , y, z, t
0
t
T T0 e v , y , z
(trial function)
2
2 , y, z 2 , y, z 2 , y, z
v
, y, z
2
2
2
y
z
2
15
Thermal conductivity
Thermal diffusivity
Absorptivity
Etc.
f(T)
16
Laser Assisted
Chemical Etching
carried out by using
suitable etchant
(precursors).
gaseous precursors:
Cl2 and Br2
(dry etching)
liquid precursors: HCl,
HNO3, H2SO4, NaCl,
and K2SO4 (wet
etching)
17
Drilling of
Inkjet
Nozzle
Holes
18
Fuel
Injector
Drillin
g
Laser
Scribing
Bio-medical applications:
19
Semi-analytical
Models
Gospavic et. al
(2004)
Numerical or
Computer Models
Kuar, A. S., B. Doloi and B. Bhattacharyya (2006). "Modelling and analysis of pulsed Nd:YAG laser machining
characteristics during micro-drilling of zirconia (ZrO2)." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 46(1213): 1301-1310.
Gospavic, R., M. Sreckovic and V. Popov (2004). "Modelling of laser-material interaction using semi-analytical approach."
Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 65(3): 211-219.
Ding, H., N. Shen and Y. C. Shin (2012). "Thermal and mechanical modeling analysis of laser-assisted micro-milling of
difficult-to-machine alloys." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 212(3): 601-613.
20
Kuar et. al
(2006)
21
Gospavic et.
al (2004)
Alternative
method
Differential
Transform
Semi-analytical model
Particular cases with
cylindrical geometry
Laplace Transform and
Fourier Method of
Variable Separation
PDE
ODE
22
Ding et. al
(2012)
23
Nanoplasians harvesting their nanowires selectively grown on a field by a laserassisted method. (SEM image)
24
Thank You
25