RISK, HAZARD AND SAFERY

ELECTRICAL HAZARD

 Safetyis the state of being "safe"

Safety is
- absence of danger
- state of protection
- condition of zero risk

Safety Engineering

Safety engineering is a broad and diverse division of engineering that

reduce the scale and frequency of accident

Safety engineering aims

- to keep people, property and environment safe from chemical,
physical, psychological and environmental hazards
- to accomplish the desired goal without facing any problem of
accidents

Principles of safety

To identify potential safety risks and

mitigate them

To add the safety measures to protect

people if a hazard does occur

Hazard and Classification Hazards

any potential or actual threat to the wellbeing of people, machinery or

environment

Classification

Example of Hazards

Mechanical

- Sharp points & edges, overload.

Electrical

- Insulation damaged or cover broken

Biological

- Exposed, airborne/blood borne microorganism.

Chemical

- Expose to carcinogens chemical

Psychological

- Stress or violent at workplace

Electrical Hazard

a dangerous condition where a worker could make electrical contact

with energized equipment or a conductor and from which the person
may sustain an injury from shock

Electrical hazards are 1 of the 4 main hazards in construction causing

serious injury or death

Electricity is the one of the leading cause of death in the construction

Approximately 350 electrically related fatalities occur annually

Electrocutions cause 12% of construction fatalities annually

Types of electrical injuries:

a) Electrical shock
b) Burn
c) Blast

Effect on Human Body

a) Electrical shock:

Electric shock occurs when the body becomes part of an electrical circuit

The danger from electrical shock depends on

- the amount of the shocking current through the

body
- the duration of the shocking current through the
body
- the path of the shocking current through the body

Effect on Human Body

a) Electrical shock:

Effect on Human Body

a) Electrical shock:
AC current (mA)
1
2-9

Effect on human body

Slight tingling sensation
Small shock

10-24

Muscles contract causing you to freeze

25-74

Respiratory muscles can become paralysed;

pain; exit burns often visible

75-300

Usually fatal; ventricular fibrillation; entry & exit

wounds visible

>300

Death almost certain; if survive will have badly

burnt organs and probably require amputations

Effect on Human Body

b) Burn:
Electrical burns can result when a person touches electrical
wiring or equipment that is used or maintained improperly
also person touches electrical wiring or equipment that is
energized
Electrical burns need to be given immediate medical attention.
Typically such burns occur on the hands.

Effect on Human Body

b) Burn:

Effect on Human Body

b) Blast:

An arc-blast is a luminous electrical discharge that occurs when high

voltages exist across a gap between conductors and current travels
through the air

Temperatures as high as 35,000 F have been reached in arc-blasts

There are three primary hazards associated with an arc-blast

- Arcing gives off thermal radiation (heat) and intense light, which
can cause burns
- A high-voltage arc can produce a considerable pressure wave
blast
- A high-voltage arc can also cause many of the copper and
aluminum components in electrical equipment to melt

Effect on Human Body

b) Blast:

Electrical Hazard Protections

a) Insulation
b) Grounding
c) Guarding
d) Electrical protective devices
e) Personal Protective Equipment
f) Safe work practices

Electrical Hazard Protections

a) Insulation:
Plastic or rubber coverings that does not conduct electricity.
Insulation prevents live wires from coming in contact with people
thus protecting them form electrical shock.

Electrical Hazard Protections

b) Grounding:

Grounding is the process used to

eliminate unwanted voltage

A ground is a physical electrical

connection to the earth.

Electrical Hazard Protections

b) Grounding:

Electrical Hazard Protections

c) Guarding:

A type of isolation that uses various structures to close off live electrical
parts.

These structures include:

- Boxes
- Screens
- Covers
- Partitions

Electrical Hazard Protections

c) Guarding:

Electrical Hazard Protections

d) Electrical protective devices:

Fuses, Circuit Breakers and Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter

(GFCI):

- Fuses and circuit breakers are over-current devices. When there is too
much current:
Fuses melt
Circuit breakers trip open

- Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

GFCIs are designed to sense an imbalance in current flow over
the normal path
If a ground fault is detected, the GFCI can shut off electricity
flow.

Electrical Hazard Protections

d) Electrical protective devices:

Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI):

Electrical Hazard Protections

e) Personal Protective Equipment:

Foot protection ( EH marked foot wear )

Head protection ( insulated nonconductive )

Hand protection ( Rubber insulating gloves )

Body protection ( insulating clothing )

Eyes or Face protection ( electric arcs or flashes protection )

Hearing protection ( blast protection)

Electrical Hazard Protections

e) Personal Protective Equipment:

Electrical Hazard Protections

f) Safe work practices:

Plan your work by yourself and with others

Lock out and Tag out circuits and equipment

Do not work in wet conditions

Use proper wiring and connectors

Use and maintain tools properly

Establish proper rules and procedures on how to access electrical control

cabinets

The company should have trained the workers to perform their jobs
safely

Common cause of electrical hazards

found on construction sites

Improper grounding

Exposed electrical parts

Inadequate wiring

Overhead power lines

Damaged insulation

Overloaded circuits

Wet conditions

Damaged tools and equipment

Common cause of electrical hazards

found on construction sites

Improper grounding

Exposed electrical parts

Inadequate wiring

Overhead power lines

Damaged insulation

Overloaded circuits

Wet conditions

Damaged tools and equipment

Common cause of electrical hazards

found on construction sites

Improper grounding

Exposed electrical parts

Inadequate wiring

Overhead power lines

Damaged insulation

Overloaded circuits

Wet conditions

Damaged tools and equipment

Common cause of electrical hazards

found on construction sites

Improper grounding

Exposed electrical parts

Inadequate wiring

Overhead power lines

Damaged insulation

Overloaded circuits

Wet conditions

Damaged tools and equipment

Common cause of electrical hazards

found on construction sites

Improper grounding

Exposed electrical parts

Inadequate wiring

Overhead power lines

Damaged insulation

Overloaded circuits

Wet conditions

Damaged tools and equipment

Common cause of electrical hazards

found on construction sites

Improper grounding

Exposed electrical parts

Inadequate wiring

Overhead power lines

Damaged insulation

Overloaded circuits

Wet conditions

Damaged tools and equipment

Common cause of electrical hazards

found on construction sites

Improper grounding

Exposed electrical parts

Inadequate wiring

Overhead power lines

Damaged insulation

Overloaded circuits

Wet conditions

Damaged tools and equipment

Common cause of electrical hazards

found on construction sites

Improper grounding

Exposed electrical parts

Inadequate wiring

Overhead power lines

Damaged insulation

Overloaded circuits

Wet conditions

Damaged tools and equipment

Common cause of electrical hazards

found on construction sites

Improper grounding

Exposed electrical parts

Inadequate wiring

Overhead power lines

Damaged insulation

Overloaded circuits

Wet conditions

Damaged tools and equipment

How to Respond:
In the event of a personal injury:

Call ambulance

If a person is being shocked, turn of the source of electricity

Do not touch someone being shocked

Remove the person away from the electrical source using a non-conductive material

Notify your supervisor

How to Respond:

In the event of an electrical fire:

Activate the fire alarm system

Do not use a Type A, water extinguisher

If you know how to use an extinguisher, use a CO2 or dry chemical fire extinguisher

Alert everyone in the area to evacuate

If you are not sure about using a fire extinguisher, leave the area and close any doors behind you

Wait for the Fire Dept. personnel to arrive

Supervisor Responsibilities:

Review project carefully with your workers, unless they are routine assignments

Emphasize safety practices

Train workers on area-specific policies and procedures

Check your employees work practices to ensure compliance

Check the final product to ensure that no deficiencies exist

Provide the appropriate disciplinary measures for poor electrical safety practices.

Employee Responsibilities

Review each project carefully with your supervisor

Become thoroughly familiar with your assignments

Only perform work in which you are trained

If at all in doubt, ask questions

Have your supervisor review your completed project

Follow your supervisors instructions

Follow safe work practices

Make sure lines are de-energized before your work on them

Wear any required PPE

Alert your co-workers to any unsafe work practices

Report all problems to your supervisor

Know what to do in the event of an emergency

Work
Shouldn't be...

Shocking!

Thank
You