Introduction to the Finite Element Method
(Software: NISA)
Motivation , General Concepts and Tutorial
Jeetender Singh Kushawaha
The Finite Element Method (FEM) is:
[Generally
speaking]
a powerful computational technique
for the solution of differential and
integral equations that arise in various
fields of engineering and applied
sciences;
[Mathematically]
a
generalization of the classical
variational (Ritz) and weighted-residual
(Galerkin, least-squares, etc.) methods.
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
Motivation
Most
of the real problems:
are
defined on domains that are geometrically
complex, may have different boundary
conditions on different portions of the
boundary.
Therefore,
it is usually impossible (or difficult):
1. To find a solution analytically (so one must
resort to approximate methods),
2.
To generate approximation functions
required in the traditional variational methods.
An answer to these problems is a finiteelement approach.
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
Main concept of FEM
A
given domain can be viewed as an
assemblage of simple geometric
shapes, called finite elements, for
which
it
is
possible
to
systematically
generate
the
approximation functions.
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
Remarks:
The
approximation functions are also called
shape functions or interpolation functions
since they are often constructed using
ideas from interpolation theory.
The finite element method is a piecewise (or
element-wise) application of the variational
and weighted-residual methods.
For a given BVP, it is possible to develop
different finite element approximations (or
finite element models), depending on the
choice of a particular variational and weightedresidual formulation.
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
Finite Elements the concept 1
Basic
principle: building a complicated
object with simple blocks (e.g. LEGO) or
divide a complicated object into
manageable small pieces.
Example:
approximation of an area of a
circle
Area
of one triangle:
Area of the circle:
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
Finite Elements the concept 2
How
to proceed in FEM analysis:
1.Divide
structure into pieces
2.Describe
behavior of the physical
quantities in each element
3.Connect (assemble) the elements at the
nodes to form an approximate system of
equations for the whole structure
4. Solve the system of equations involving
unknown quantities at the nodes (e.g.
displacements)
5.Calculate desired quantities (e.g. strains
and stresses) at selected elements
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
Finite Elements Why?
FEM
allows discretization of bodies with
arbitrary shapes. Originally designed for
problems in static elasticity.
FEM is the most widely applied computer
simulation method in engineering.
The required grid generation techniques are
interfaced with graphical techniques (CAD).
Today numerous commercial FEM software
is available (e.g. ANSYS,ABAQUS, NISA, etc.)
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
1. Geometry Creation
Creation of grids
Creation of lines
Creation of patches
2. Material Property
3. Physical Properties
4. Mesh generation
5. Node Management
6. Boundary conditions
Displacement
7. Loads
8. Type of analysis- executive
9. Title
10. Load Case
11. Print Control
12. Save files
13. Static analysis
Execute the NISA file
14. Post Processing
26.dat
15. Deformations
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Launch the software using desktop ICON
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
New window appears
Now click on DISPLAY IV
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
New window appears
Close the Tip of he day Window
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Create grid using the grid
window
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Insert Grid point locations in grid window
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
The Grid point 0/0/0 is displayed (Circled in RED color )
Similarly create other FOUR Grid Points
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
The FOUR Grid points are visible (0/0/0, 0/10/0, 10/10/0, 10/0/0)
Now using LINE, create the
Introduction to the Finite Element
by Jeetender Singh
linesMethod
Kushawaha
16
Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
The window icons change
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Using the LINE create the lines
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Two line created and similarly complete the four lines
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Create the patch using the lines
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
The patch (1, shown in RED) is created using lines ( Shown in YELLOW)
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Enter Material propery FEM>FE model data> Material property
Next window opens
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Enter the material property E = 200 e 6 and Poisson ratio 0.3
Add > OK
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Enter Material propery FEM>FE model data> Property Data
Element is shell
PROP > new window opens
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Enter Thickness as 1 and select number of nodes as 8 > OK
Click OK on property dialogue box
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Now for mesh generation: FEM > Mesh > FEG option > Quadrilateral
New window opens
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Accept the defaults : Number of elements 3/3,
Click on element type and new window opens for
stiffness type
Select 2 D plane stress > OK
Select Patch > new window opens
Select Patch > new window opens
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Select the patch 1 created earlier
The patch changes color Right Click and
Introduction to the Finite Element
by new
Jeetender
Singh
Click Method
Create
window
opens
Kushawaha
28
Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Select YES All and Cancel
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Now for node management: FEM > Nodes > Node Management> Merge N
New window opens
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)
Select all Click OK > OK Yes All> Cancel
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Now for Boundary Conditions: FEM > Structural BC > Displacement > Add
New window opens
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Select BC data > new window opens
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Select All Zero > OK, Now Select Node IDs New window opens
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Select one by one the nodes on the left edge, Create > Yes all > Cancel
The nodes get yellow
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Now to apply load
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Apply load : FEM > Structural BC > Force/ Moment > Add on
nodes
New window opens
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Click on BC data New window opens
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Enter -500 I y qualifier > Click OK > Click on Node IDs
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Select the Right side nodes and arrows will be shown
> Click Create > Yes all > Cancel
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Now save the file using .dbs, .nis and .ses
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Enter the title of the Problem > OK
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Enter the print control; preview the selection and Click OK
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Enter the execution set up
Analysis/Static > Execution setup > new window opens > Run
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Run NISA > yes all > New window runs through > Type y and enter
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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The file is executed and the message displayed
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Now open the file 26.dat
Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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Introduction to the Finite Element
Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
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