Objectives

Draw proper circuit diagrams of

working electrical circuits using
correct circuit symbols.
Make electrical circuits from circuit
diagrams (and recognise the
standard circuit symbols).
Be able to set up simple series
circuits.
Use an ammeter correctly to
measure current in a series circuit.

Circuit Symbols
What do the following symbols represent?

Measuring Current

Electrical Current
An electrical current is a flow of
charge.
This charge comes from electrons.

Extension
An electron has a charge of:
1.6x10 - 1 9 coulombs.
(0.000,000,000,000,000,000,16 C)
How many electrons do you need to
have a coulomb of charge?

Electrical Current
Electricity is a flow of electrons.
6,250,000,000,000,000,000
electrons make up 1 coulomb.
One amp (1 A) is equal to one
coulomb passing a single point in the
circuit every second.
Therefore, for a current 1 A,
6,250,000,000,000,000,000
electrons must pass a point every
second.

Objectives
Explain the term resistance.
Explain the changes to the current
when bulbs are added to circuits.

Resistance
All components in electrical circuits
have ________ even the ____!
Some components, like _____, have a
____ resistance. The ____ wire in the
_______ makes it harder for the
current to flow.
Putting more bulbs in _____ will
increase the resistance and ______
the current.
Words: thin
thick
increase decrease
high
low resistance
filament
wires bulbs
series

Variable Resistors
Use variable resistors to alter the
brightness of bulbs.
Draw circuit diagram with current
labelled for low resistance.
Extension: Draw circuit diagram with
current labelled for medium
resistance.
Draw circuit diagram with current
labelled for high resistance.

Objectives
Use a flow model to describe
resistance and explain why the
lamps are brighter in some
circuits than others.

Investigating Cells in Series

Modelling Electric Current

Cell

Tap

Paddle
Wheel

Pump

Flow Control

Bulb

Switch

Resistor

Current
The ______ in a circuit is a measure of
how much ________ is flowing.
Current is measured in ____.
A higher current means more ______ is
flowing past a point every ______.
The total current entering a ______
must _____ the total current _______
a junction.
Words:
exiting current
second junction
charge amps
electricity
equal

Objectives
State how to connect a voltmeter.
Explain the term potential
difference.
Recognise the potential difference
across a component is a measure of
the energy transferred.

Potential Difference

Initial GPE

Potential
Difference

Final GPE

Potential Difference
0 V

1.5 V

0 V

pd

1.5 V

Measuring Potential Difference

Potential Difference
The _________ _________ of a
component is a measure of how much
_____ is _________ in the component.
The potential difference across the
____ must _____ the ___ of the
potential differences across the
components in a ______ circuit.

Words:
equal

series cell
transferred energy
sum potential difference

1.5 V

1.5 V

1.5 V

1.5 V

3V

3V

9V

4.5 V

3V

3V

Objectives
Conclude which two metals give
the largest potential difference.
Explain your results in terms of
metal reactivity.

Verbal Tennis
Verbal Tennis:
Scoring: 0 15 30 40 Game
Topics:
Electrical Circuit Components
Current
Potential Difference
Energy

Energy & Electricity

3000 W

1200 W

100 W

900 W

50 W

Objectives
Define the term power.
Make connections between the
power rating and current used
by appliances.

Energy & Electricity

The OWL measures
how much power the
science building uses.
Power is a measure
of how much energy is
transferred each
second.
It is measured in
Watts, or
joules per second.

Click Picture for

True or False

Power
1. How many joules of energy are
transferred each second for the
following appliances?
a. 300 W television.
b. 800 W microwave.
c. 2.9 kW kettle.
2. How much energy would each of the
above appliances use in one minute?
3. How much energy would each of the
above appliances use in one hour?
4. What equation links power, energy, and
time?

U
U

R
R

R
R

E
E

T
T

Objectives

Explain the law of conservation

of energy.
Construct Sankey diagrams to
show energy transfers.
Explain what is meant by
dissipated energy.

Sankey Diagrams

Sankey diagrams show how much energy is

transformed to each different type of
energy.

e.g. Light Bulb

90 J
Heat Energy

100 J
Electrical Energy
10 J
Light Energy

Sankey Diagrams

Sankey diagrams can also be used

showing percentages.
e.g. Light Bulb

90
90%
J
Heat Energy

Electrical
100 JEnergy
Electrical Energy
10
10%
J
Light Energy

Sankey Diagrams
Back to Back

You will compete as pairs.

One of you will instruct the other to
draw a Sankey diagram of the appliance
shown on the board.
You must do this verbally only.
The first pair to finish will draw their
completed diagram on the board .

Sankey Diagrams
Microwave

1000 J of electrical energy is

transformed to 900 J of heat energy
in food, and 100 J of heat energy in
the surroundings.

Sankey Diagrams
Kettle

1000 J of electrical energy is

transformed to 980 J of heat energy
in the water, and 20 J of heat energy
in the surroundings.

Sankey Diagrams
Stereo

50 J of electrical energy is
transformed to 10 J of light energy,
10 J of sound energy, 10 J of kinetic
energy, and 20 J of heat energy.

Electrical Safety

Science!

Complete & Incomplete Circuits.

Series and Parallel Circuits
Ammeter and Voltmeter Readings.
How Current Changes in Series
Circuits when Bulbs are Added.