UGPA2233 Materials

Science and Engineering

Chapter 1
Introduction - Classification and
Properties of Materials, Atomic Structure
and Inter-atomic Bonding

Lecture

Classification and
Properties of Materials

Criteria for Material Selection

Correlation between processing, structure, properties & performance

of materials.

Material Classifications

Materials Science + Materials Engineerin

Criteria for Material Selection

Application requirement service environment/condition

& desired properties.

Availability pretreatment / processing determine

product cost.
Cost reliability to application/processing/performance.
Process-ability availability of skills and technology &

energy input.
Environmental impact resources, recycling &

reprocessing.

components that are involved in design,

production, and utilization of materials.
Processing
Structure
Properties
Performance

These

4 components are interrelated. To

succeed in processing materials with a given
set of properties, it is necessary to understand
the basis of the properties from the atomic
and molecular level and to understand how
small differences in structure can lead to a
large difference in observed properties

What is Processing ?

What is Structure ?

E.g. Copper
Subatomic structure

Atomic structure

Pure Copper

Microscopic structure

Copper (II) Sulfate

Macroscopic structure

Copper Ore

Copper rods

What is Properties ?

Mechanical properties relates deformation to an applied

load or force and depends on the structural changes e.g.
strength, toughness, hardness, compression, impact, bending etc.

Electrical properties response of materials towards electric field

and depends on the presence of impurities and deformation e.g.
Conductivity and dielectric constant

Thermal properties response of materials towards heat or

temperature and depends on structural changes & impurities e.g.
Heat capacity, thermal conductivity & thermal decomposition.

Magnetic properties response of materials towards

magnetic field & depends on the composition of non-metallic
elements e.g. Magnetic storage & permeability.

Optical properties response of materials towards electromagnetic

or light radiation & depends on structural changes and impurities e.g.
index of refraction and reflection, transmittance & absorbance.

Deteriorative properties measure the response to environmental factors

including moisture, oxygen, uv radiation, bacterial activities & depends on the
chemical reactivity fracture & cracking, weathering & ageing in polymers and
corrosion.

Breaking of polymer
chains results in
microstructural changes
& finally degradation of

What is
Performance ?

Materials
Classifications
Composites

MMC

Metals & Alloys

Ceramics & Glasses

CMC

PMC

Semiconductor
Biomaterials

Organic Polymers Advanc

ed
Materia

Materials of
the future

Stents

Piezoelectric ceramicsMagnetostrictive materials

Summary