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  • REFERAT - Fractures and Bone Healing

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    Adam Bachtiar
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    1. Fractures are most common in men under 45 and women over 45. The most common fractures are of the wrist before age 75 and hip after age 75. 2. Fractures can be closed, open, displaced or undisplaced depending on the direction and magnitude of force. They are usually caused by a direct force but can also result from an indirect twisting force. 3. Diagnosis involves examining features of the fracture like location, number of fragments, displacement, and evidence of underlying bone disease. Imaging like x-rays, CT, MRI may also be used to evaluate soft tissue damage.

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    1. Fractures are most common in men under 45 and women over 45. The most common fractures are of the wrist before age 75 and hip after age 75. 2. Fractures can be closed, open, displaced or undisplaced depending on the direction and magnitude of force. They are usually caused by a direct force but can also result from an indirect twisting force. 3. Diagnosis involves examining features of the fracture like location, number of fragments, displacement, and evidence of underlying bone disease. Imaging like x-rays, CT, MRI may also be used to evaluate soft tissue damage.

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    33 views25 pages

    REFERAT - Fractures and Bone Healing

    Uploaded by

    Adam Bachtiar
    1. Fractures are most common in men under 45 and women over 45. The most common fractures are of the wrist before age 75 and hip after age 75. 2. Fractures can be closed, open, displaced or undisplaced depending on the direction and magnitude of force. They are usually caused by a direct force but can also result from an indirect twisting force. 3. Diagnosis involves examining features of the fracture like location, number of fragments, displacement, and evidence of underlying bone disease. Imaging like x-rays, CT, MRI may also be used to evaluate soft tissue damage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 25

    Adam Bachtiar 030.09.

    001
    FK USAKTI
    Selly Lengkong
    FK UKRIDA

    Fractures of extremities most common


    More common in men up to 45 years of age
    More common in women over 45 years of
    age
    Before 75 years wrist fractures (Colles) most
    common
    After 75 years hip fractures most common

    Magnitude and direction of force


    Closed
    Bone fragments do not pierce skin
    Open/compound
    Bone fragments pierce skin
    Displaced or undisplaced

    Usually caused by directly applied force to


    fracture site

    Caused by violence transmitted through


    limb from a distance (twisting movements)

    Occurs in children: bones soft and bend


    without fracturing completely

    Fracture in cancellous bone: result of


    compression (osteoporosis)

    Occurs in short bones, e.g. vertebra from


    strong direct pressure such as impaction of
    disc.

    Caused by traction, bony fragment usually torn off


    by a tendon or ligament.
    What muscle group attaches to this bony
    prominence and what nerve also runs in close
    proximity?
    Forearm flexors (common flexor origin) ulnar nerve

    Fracture involves a joint: results in


    malalignment of joint surfaces.

    Bone fragments are impacted into each


    other.

    Two or more bone pieces - high energy


    trauma

    Abnormal stress on normal bone (fatigue


    fracture) or normal stress on abnormal bone
    (insufficiency fracture).

    Localises fracture and number of


    fragments
    Indicates degree of displacement
    Evidence of pre-existing disease in bone
    Foreign bodies or air in tissues
    May show other fractures
    MRI, CT or ultrasound to reveal soft tissue
    damage

    Reduction
    Open reduction

    Allows very accurate reduction


    Risk of infection
    Usually when internal fixation is
    needed
    Manipulation
    Usually with anaesthesia
    Traction
    Fractures or dislocation requiring slo

    4-12 weeks
    External fixation
    Internal fixation
    Intermedually nails, compression
    plates
    Frame fixation

    Used for fractures that are too unstable for


    a cast. You can shower and use the hand
    gently with the external fixator in place.

    Allows correction of deformities by moving


    the pins in relation to the frame.

    1. Fracture
    hematoma
    blood from broken
    vessels forms a clot.
    6-8 hours after injury
    swelling and
    inflammation to dead
    bone cells at fracture
    site

    (lasts about 3 weeks


    (up to 1st May))
    new capillaries
    organise fracture
    hematoma into
    granulation tissue procallus
    Fibroblasts and
    osteogenic cells
    invade procallus.
    Make collagen fibres
    which connect ends
    together
    Chondroblasts begin
    to produce
    fibrocatilage,

    (after 3 weeks and


    lasts about 3-4
    months)
    osteoblasts make
    woven bone.

    Osteoclasts
    remodel woven
    bone into
    compact bone
    and trabecular
    bone
    Often no trace
    of fracture line
    on X-rays.

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