ANCHORAG

E
INDEX
 DEFINITION
 CLASSIFICATION
 FACTORS AFFECTIONG ANCHORAGE
 SOURCES OF ANCHORAGE
 ANCHORAGE PLANNING
 DIFFERENT ANCHORAGES
 ANCHORAGE LAOSS & DEMAND
 ADVANCEMENT IN ANCHORAGE
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
 ANCHORAGE = RESISTANCE TO UNWANTED
TOOTH MOVEMENT.

 ANCHORAGE UNITS : The areas or units which

provide this undesirable movement.
DEFINITITION
THE SITE OF DELIVERY FROM WHICH FORCE
IS EXERTED
- white n gardner
The nature and degree of resistance to displacement
offered by an anatomic unit when used for the
purpose of affecting tooth movement
- GRABER
CLASSIFICATION
 Acc. to manner of the force application as:
1. Simple
2. Stationary
3. Reciprocal
 Acc. to the jaws involved as :
1. Intra maxillary
2. Inter maxillary
 Acc. to the site of anchorage
1. Intra oral
2. Extra oral
3. Muscular
 Acc.to the no. of anchorage units as :
1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Reinforced
 Acc. To white n gardner
1. Simple
2. Stationary
3. Reciprocal
4. Reinforced
5. Inter maxillary
6. Extra oral
Factors affecting
anchorage
1. Teeth
2. Root forms

 Round – resistance is same in any direction

 Flat – resist tooth movement in M-D direction eg. mand.
Incisors & molars , buccal roots of max. molars ( tripod
arrangement of roots )
 Triangular – offers greater resistance to movement. Eg.
Maxillary canine & lateral incisor
1. Size n no. of roots – large surface area & multirooted
teeth > resistance
2. Root length – deeper the root embeded > resistance
3. Position of tooth in the dental arch – eg. Mandi. 2nd molar
is located bt. Two ridges of basal bone , so offer more
resistance to bodily movement
4. Inclination of tooth – axial inclination is in opposite
direction to force , greater resistance

5. Mutual support
1. Basal bone – eg.hard
palate & lingual surface
of the mandible in
anterior region.

2. The musculature –
Hypotonic m. - Flaring &
spacing
eg.Nance palatal button
Hypertonic m. - Collapse of
the teeth lingually ( use of hard palate to
provide resistance to
mesial movement of
max. molar
SOURCES OF ANCHORAGE
 INTRA –ORAL :
1. Individual teeth
2. Multiple tooth units
3. Encasement (eg.Inclined planes)
4. Occluding teeth
 OTHERS :
1. Holding Arches
2. Basal bone
3. Neck cranium
4. Occipital region
 MUSCULATURE : lip bumper
ANCHORAGE
PLANNING
Depends on : -

1. The number of teeth to be moved

2. The type of teeth to be moved
3. Type of tooth movement
4. Periodontal condition
5. Duration of tooth movement
 INTRA
MAXILLARY
ANCHORAGE
 Within the same jaw ( either maxilla or
mandible )
 Eg.Elastic chains are

used to retract the

anterior segment
using the posterior
teeth as anchorage
unit.
Sub- divisions
1. Simple
2. Stationary
3. Reciprocal
INTER MAXILLARY
ANCHORAGE
 Also called “BAKER’S ANCHORAGE”

 When the anchorage units situated in the one

jaw are used to provide the force required to
move teeth in the opposing jaw.

 SUB DIVISION :
1. Simple
2. Staionary
3. Reciprocal
 Eg. When class II elastics are used to
retract the maxillary anteriors , the
anchorage units are situated in the
mandibular arch.
 CLASS III INTER MAXILLARY ELASTICS
 SIMPLE
ANCHORAGE
 When the manner & application of force is
such that it tends to change the axial
inclination of the tooth or teeth that form the
anchorage unit in the plane of the space in
which the force is applied.
 Simple anchorage is obtained by engaging
a greater number of teeth than are to be
moved
NT: The root surface area of the
anchorage unit should be at least
double that of the units to be moved.
eg. Anterior retraction with
the
help of a HAWLEY’S
appliance

The movement of a single

tooth using a screw
appliance
STATIONARY
ANCHORAGE
 When the application of force tends to
displace the anchorage unit bodily in the
plane of space in which force is being
applied

 The anchorage potential of teeth being

moved bodily is considerably greater as
compare to teeth being moved using a
tipping force.
 Mandibular molars are bodily pitted against
the tipping forces of the maxillary anteriors.
RECIPROCAL
ANCHORAGE
 When two teeth or two sets of teeth move to an
equal extend in an opposite direction .
 Here the root surface area of the anchorage unit
is equal to that of the teeth to be moved.
 The effect of the forces exerted is equal.
 • Cross Elastic To Correct
Molar Cross-bite

 Ni-Ti Molar
Rotator

 Arch expansion using a mid-

line screw
SINGLE OR PRIMARY ANCHORAGE

 The resistance provided by single

tooth with greater alveolar support is
used to move another tooth with
lesser alveolar support.

 Eg. Molar being used to retract a pre

molar
COMPOUND ANCHORAGE
 The resistance is provided by more
than one tooth with greater support is
used to move teeth with less support.
 Eg. Retracting incisors using loop
mechanics
REINFORCED
ANCHORAGE
 The anchorage units are reinforced by the
use of more than one type of resistance
units.
 Anterior inclined plane

Exerts a backward
pull on the maxillary
appliance through the
mandible
 SVED BITE PLANE :

Prevent from being

inclined labially.
 A rigid labial bow :

To engage labial surface

of the incisor at the
junction of cervical &
incisal third of each
crown.
 Banding of 2nd molar
for the retraction of
permanent canine
EXTRA ORAL
ANCHORAGE
 The extra oral structure most commonly
used are :

1. Cervical region
2. The occiput
3. The forehead
4. The chin
Extra oral forces to augment
anchorage
Advantage

 The anchorage unit is far away from

the actual site where the movement is
taking place, so less chances of any
change in the anchorage units
Disadvantage

 Lack of patient’s co- operation

 Anchorage assembly is bulky &
externally visible
 Decrease in the number of hours for
which the anchorage assembly is
worn, so affects quality of result
achieved
 MUSCULAR
ANCHORAGE
 Peri oral musculature is not so strong
but also resilient.
 The forces generated by the
musculature sometimes used to bring
about tooth movement.
 eg.Lip bumper appliance
(to distalize mandibular
1st molars)
ANCHORAGE LOSS

 It is the movement of the reaction unit or

the anchor unit instead of the teeth to be
moved.
ANCHORAGE DEMAND

 Depending on anchorage loss : -

1. Maximum anchorage case

2. Moderate anchorage case
3. Minimum anchorage case
Maximum anchorage cases
 Anchorage demand is
very high

 Not more than ¼ th of

the extraction space
should be lost by
forward movement of
the anchor teeth
Moderate anchorage cases

 Anchor teeth can be

permitted to move
forward into ¼ th to ½
of the extraction
space.
Minimum anchorage cases

 Anchorage demand is
very low
ADVANCEMENT
IN
ANCHORAGE