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DNA &
genetic
informatio
n
DNA
structure
DNA as a
carrier
DNA
replicatio
n
Gene concept
Definition
Models of DNA
replication
DNA replication process
Enzyme involved
Protein
synthesis
Gene
regulation &
expression
concept
Components
Transcriptio
n
Mechanism
Translation
DNA Replication
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Translation
Protein
Production of
hormones
Production of enzymes
transcribed into
translated to
Involeve
3 steps
RNA POLYMERASE
BINDING AND
INITIATION
ELONGATION OF RNA
STRAND
TERMINATION
As RNA polymerase
moves along the
template of DNA,
complementary RNA
nucleotides pair with
DNA nucleotides of the
strand.
RNA polymerase joins
the RNA nucleotides
together in the 5 to 3
direction
3)
Termination
Exon
Intron
translation.
Exon
Intron
Intron
Exon
Intron
Exon
Pre-mRNA
Intron
mRNA
Genetic code
Genetic code: Base triplet in DNA provides a
template for ordering the complementary triplet
in mRNA molecule.
A
DNA
Genetic code
There
Flow
Type of
code
Ambiguou
Number of
Number of s /
bases in
Codons
degenerat
codon
e
Singlet
code
Ambiguou
s
4*4=16
Ambiguou
s
Degenerat
4*4*4=64
e
Doublet
code
Triplet
code
PSPM 2007/2008
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Triplet of bases
Almost universal
Non-overlapping
Commaless
Each codon is specific for one amino
acid
6. Degenerate / one amino acid can be
coded by several codons
7. Start codon AUG
8. Stop codon UAG, UAA, UGA
Non-overlapping
Commaless
Genetic code
A
DNA
Genetic code
A
codons.
A triplet of nucleotides
within a molecule of
messenger RNA that
functions as a unit of
genetic coding,
usually by specifying
a particular amino
acid during the
synthesis of proteins in
a cell
Customarily written in 5 to 3
direction
Initiation codon
Termination codon