KIMIA (PAI 08128) 2 SKS

MATERI KULIAH :
1. Struktur atom
2. Konfigurasi elektron
3. Sistem Berkala
4. Sifat periodik (potensial ionisasi, jari-jari atom,
afinitas elektron, keelektronegatifan)
5. Teori ikatan kimia
6. Struktur molekul
7. Sifat gas
8. Zat padat dan kisi kristal
9. Cairan
10.Asam basa
11.Stoikiometri
12.Hk. Termodinamika dan Termokimia

MATERI

Penilaian :

Kuis : 20 %
Tugas terstruktur : 20 %
Kehadiran : 10 %
UTS : 25 %
UAS : 25 %

Atomic Structure

Atom smallest particle of an element capable of

uncombined existence

Molecule is smallest unit of compound or

substance; combination of 2 or more atoms

Contains exceedingly small nucleus with all of the +

charge and most of total mass, protons, neutrons

Electrons equal in number to protons, negative

charges surround nucleus

Hydrogen simplest ( 1 proton, 1 electron)

Helium next (2 protons, 2 electrons, 2 neutrons)

What are the 3 major parts of

an atom?
Proton
Neutron
Electron

Draw a diagram showing the location

of each part of the atom.

Draw a Diagram of an Atom

Draw a diagram showing the charges of

each part of the atom.

Describe Proton
Protons are positively charged particles found in
the atomic nucleus. Protons were discovered by
Ernest Rutherford..

Describe Neutron

Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the

atomic nucleus. Neutrons were discovered by James
Chadwick in 1932.

Describe Electron
Electrons are negatively charged particles that
surround the atom's nucleus. Electrons were
discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897.
Electrons determine properties of the atom.
Chemical reactions involve sharing or exchanging
electrons.

Describe Nucleus
The nucleus is the central part of an atom. It
is composed of protons and neutrons.
The nucleus contains most of an atom's
mass.
It was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in
1911.

Subatomic Particles
Particle

Charge

Mass (g)

Location

Electron
(e-)

-1

9.11 x 10-28

Electron
cloud

Proton
(p+)

+1

1.67 x 10-24

Nucleus

Neutron
(no)

1.67 x 10-24

Nucleus

Complete Symbols
Contain the symbol of the element, the
mass number and the atomic number.

Superscript

Mass
number

Subscript

Atomic
number

Atomic Number
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and
electrons
How then are atoms of one element different from
another element?
Elements are different because they contain different
numbers of PROTONS
The atomic number of an element is the number of
protons in the nucleus
# protons in an atom = # electrons

Atomic Number
Atomic number (Z) of an element is the number of
protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element.

Element

# of protons

Atomic # (Z)

Carbon

Phosphorus

15

15

Gold

79

79

Mass Number
Mass number is the number of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope:

Mass # = p+ + n0
Nuclide

p+

Oxygen - 16

Arsenic - 75
Phosphorus

- 31

33
15

n0

e- Mass #
8

16

42

33

75

16

15

31

10

EXAMPLE
How many protons, neutrons and electrons are found in an
atom of

133
55

Cs

Atomic number = protons and electrons

There are 55 protons and 55 electrons
Mass number = sum of protons and neutrons
133 55 = 78
There are 78 neutrons

Hydrogen

1
1

Protons: 1
Neutrons: 0
Electrons: 1

Sodium

23
11

Protons: 11
Neutrons: 12
Electrons: 11

Na

 When an atom or molecule gain or loses an

electron, it becomes an ion.
A cation has lost an electron and therefore
has a positive charge
An anion has gained an electron and therefore
has a negative charge.

Atomic Mass

Symbol

Atomic Number

Charge
(if ion)

Sodium

Protons: 11
Neutrons: 12
Electrons: 10

23
11

Na

Symbols

Find each of these:

a) number of protons
b) number of neutrons
c) number of electrons
d) Atomic number
e) Mass Number

80
35

Br

Symbols

If an element has an atomic number of

34 and a mass number of 78, what is
the:
a) number of protons
b) number of neutrons
c) number of electrons
d) complete symbol

Symbols

If an element has 91 protons and 140

neutrons what is the
a) Atomic number
b) Mass number
c) number of electrons
d) complete symbol

Symbols

If an element has 78 electrons and 117

neutrons what is the
a) Atomic number
b) Mass number
c) number of protons
d) complete symbol

Rhenium

186
75

Re

Rhenium isotope

187
75

Re

 Isotop adalah atom-atom yang mempunyai nomor

atom sama, tetapi nomor massanya berbeda.
Contoh : 126 C ,

13
6

Isobar adalah atom-atom yang mempunyai nomor

atom berbeda, tetapi nomor massanya sama.
Contoh :

14
6

14
7

Isoton adalah atom-atom yang mempunyai nomor

atom berbeda, tetapi jumlah neutronnnya sama.
Contoh :

13
6

14
7

 Contoh soal
Tentukan jumlah proton dan neutron dalam
isotop-isotop berikut ini:
1
1

H , 21 H, 31 H, 126 C, 146 C, 147 N, 157 N,

23
11

Na,

24
11

Na, dan

24
12

Mg