WEEK 6

SYNTHESIS/ARGUMENT
AP ESSAYS 1,3

APLang- wk 6.1- EQ? What Fig Lang is used in

Rhetoric?
#21-30 Rhetorical Devices (quiz Wed or
Thurs?)
A. PersonificatioDefine each
n
-The moon yawned and the night
whispered
B. Polysyndeton
.
C. Procatalepsis -I ate the pizza and the soda and the
candy
D.Pun
and the
E. Rhetorical ?
chips.
F. Satire
-Many deny guns help, but the facts show
they do.
G.Symbolism -Batman is going to wing it.
H.Simile
-Shouldnt we stop child labor?
I. Understatem -I say vote Trump cause low Hotel prices
ent
help

AP LANG Wk6.1 EQ?- How do writers organize

their analysis?

-Please copy these arrangement terms

from pg13-25
What is
1. Classical Model (Intro,
the
narration/background,
intended
Confirmation/facts, Refutation/counter
purpose
arg., Conclusion)
and effect
2. Chronological/story/narration/series
of the
3. Description/parts/elements authors
4. Process how something works
organizati
5. Exemplification- examples-prove
on?point
(argument)
6. Compare/Contrast
7. Classification/Division

AP Wk5.5 EQ?- How do readers Synthesize an

argument?

Notes from ch.3 Pg61-65

Synthesize= synthetic= combining multiple
materials to make a new one
MY

POSITION
**YOUR position is
central! Pg 65
Yes
you
Sources 4canSource
say I 1
5
Sources 2-3

AP Essay 1= SYNTHESIZE YOUR

ARGUMENT by:
+ Obviously use emotion, data/logic, morals, experts, illustrations/

Reading check warm up

Get out a half sheet of paper number
1-4
1. What is central to synthesis
writing?
2. What is the topic of Domenek
Hawkins essay?
3. What is her position on the topic?
4. What was one part of her essay
that stood out to you?

AP Lang wk 6.2- What is an argument/ claim/ assertion?

After analyzing Rhetorical Devices used in speeches- lets break down arguments further.
Arguments give a claim/assertion based on evidence Rhetoric persuades using many devices

Claim-

Support

we
should.. He is.. That is..

Data/Evidence/Observations

Backing

WarrantAssumptions
Shared beliefs, values,
culture Tradition,
Common Sense
Defense/
Sometimes unspoken

QualifierSometimes, When, If

Reservation
Unless it is shown..

Counter
HW-Write 10 Toulmin arguments
for: Lou Gerig
Arguments
(pg2), MLK, Lincoln, Einstein (9), Santa Ana
Wind (39) JFK (52), Revelation, AP Reader
expectations,
Ed Whites
and
Because______,
X claims5P,
______
, one on
your
9/11YResearch.
& since
values _____, Y should ___.

AP Lang wk 6.2-

Scanlon Packet 6

What is an argument/ claim/ assertion?

AP Lang wk 6.2-

What is an argument/ claim/ assertion?

Dyslogistic- dismissive,
negative

Scanlon Packet 6

AP Lang wk 6.2-

Scanlon Packet 6

What is an argument/ claim/ assertion?

AP Lang wk 6.2-

Scanlon Packet 6

What is an argument/ claim/ assertion?

AP Lang wk 6.2-

Scanlon Packet 6

What is an argument/ claim/ assertion?

AP Lang wk 6.2-

What is an argument/ claim/ assertion?

Scanlon Packet 6

Scanlon Packet 6

Warm up
Should Tahquitz HS focus more on
the honor code as a means of
creating integrity?
why? Or why not?
Give at least 3 good supports for
your thoughts

Warm up 9/15/16
Write your reasons why the honor
code essay was a 9. Use specific
language from your AP rubric guide.

AP Lang wk 6.2- What is an argument/ claim/ assertion?

After analyzing Rhetorical Devices used in speeches- lets break down arguments further.

Please copy this TOUMIN MODEL below

and the diagram
Because___, X claims ___ (+qualifier), since Y
values ___.

Claim
+Qualifier

Reasoning

Counter
Arguments
CONCEDE
+Rebuttal

Assumptions
Warrants
Backing

occasionall
(responsibl
X claims we should drink ALCOHOL
y.
y).
because YouTube doctors show
its health
benefits,
since we value staying healthy.
***Arguments make a claim/ and give evidence Rhetoric persuades using many arguments/devices

AP Lang wk 6.2- What is an argument/ claim/ assertion?

After analyzing Rhetorical Devices used in speeches- lets break down arguments further.

NEW TOPIC: Banning Cell

phones at school
Use the Toulmin model to take a position for or
against:
Reasoning
Because___, X claims ___ (+qualifier), since Y
Counter
values ___.
+Qualifier
Assumptions
Arguments

Claim

CONCEDE
+Rebuttal

Warrants
Backing

How
(in
class)
X claims schools should ban cell
phones
often?
because students cheat and are easily
distracted,
since we all value students learning.

AP Lang wk 6.2- What is an argument/ claim/ assertion?

After analyzing Rhetorical Devices used in speeches- lets break down arguments further.

NEW TOPIC: Banning Cell

phones at school
Use the Toulmin model to take a position for or
against:
Reasoning
Because___, X claims ___ (+qualifier), since Y
Counter
values ___.
+Qualifier
Assumptions
Arguments

Claim

CONCEDE
+Rebuttal

Warrants
Backing

X claims schools should NOT ban ever!

cell
phones
because students need them to learn
quickly,

Dress code
Data

Qualifie
r

Claim

Warrant
Rebuttal

Backing

Sample essays honor code

N-8
O-7
A-6---W-6
D-5
Q-4
Z-3

Warm up
Read pgs. 82-85 sections
Formulating Your Position and
Incorporating Sources. Jot down
pointers or ideas that will help as you
begin writing your synthesis essay.

AP Wk7.1 EQ?- How do readers Synthesize an

argument? (pg74-82

Continue Brainstorming
your position on
MY POSITION
Mandatory Community Service
Nextthem
into
3-4Area3:
Topic
areatry
1: to organize
Topic Area
2:
Topic
Time/Personal
Community
Impact
Future Impact
topics/points
of
discussion
((body
Impact
- Previous helped us
-college
- paragraphs
Busy..
- Local non profits
-job
- I dont feel like it
- Homeless/hurting
-environment
- Experience=Job
- Children
-future children/
- AVID
2
6
cycle
1
2
3
5
Source #__ and __
Source #__ and #__
4
Source #__
Compromises
4 and __
7
-Incorporate into
Agree- #4 make friends
school hours
-Not too busy for
values/ethics

AP Wk7.1 EQ?- How do readers Synthesize an

argument?

Continue brainstorming your main reasons

MY POSITION
for your position on Mandatory Community
Service
Nexttry
them
into
3-4Area3:
Topic
Area
1: Itto organize
Topic Area
2:
Topic
should
NOT be
Concede it helps the
Future Impact
topics/points
of
discussion
((body
but
getting
paid
will
Mandatory
-colleges dont require
help us!
paragraphs
- too busy
Personal reasons

school hours
already long
Schools can offer
job /ROP
experience
AVID

Source #__ and #__

-Not child labor

(free)
- Concede-

community service

-Job Experience will

help

Source #__ and __

-environment is a Gov
issue

Agree- #4 make friends

and looks good on
college applications, but

Source #__ and __

making it mandatory would do the same

Warm up
Do an initial edit of your introduction
pp
Do you have an interesting opening
Is there pertinent info so the reader can
understand
Did you state your position

Synthesis essay
4-5 reasons, connect to personal,
community and or future impact
Use short quotes- need several
quotes per paragraph/reason
5 sources
Rough draft due Monday 9/26/16
Final draft due

The Process
Read the initial question page carefully. There
are three sections.
(1) Direction: in this section you will find this crucial
sentence: Your argument should be central; the
sources should support this argument. Avoid merely
summarizing sources.
Your opinion is the most important aspect of this
essay (therefore form one!)
The sources you present in your argument are there
to support and sustain your own ideas.

The Synthesis Essay

The synthesis essay has a triple
purpose.
It examines your ability to consider and
support a rational argument.
It also seeks to evaluate your ability to
absorb, understand, and employ several
sources on the same topic.
It tests your ability to correctly cite the
sources you have quoted or
paraphrased in your argument.

The Process
Beware:
If you simply repeat what the sources
had to say about the issue, you will
always earn a lower-half score (1-4).
This means that bringing your own
examples to a synthesis essay is a good
idea.
Its not essential, but it does help
demonstrate to the reader that you are
presenting your own argument.

Dealing with the Passages and Visuals

Identify certain elements right away such as:

Is the source biased?

You can determine this by looking at the source itself an

article from Christian Century will have some inherent biases.

Does the sources date of publication have an effect on the

relevance of the argument?
A passage written in 1975 about advertising is likely to be out
of date today.

What position does the author hold?

Determine if the author is for, against, or neutral about the

topic.

For what audience is the author writing?

Identify the target audience for the piece: women, men,

businesspeople, etc.

Dealing with the Passages and Visuals

You should critically mark and annotate the
passage by identifying three things:
What is the point of view, thesis, or information
offered?
Are there any quotables particularly succinct
(short; concise) or stimulating phrases you can use?
Do you plan to use the piece or a portion of it to
support your argument in some way?
You may decide this question after reading all or most
of the passages you are looking for three good
ones.

The Visual
It may take the form of a chart, table,
photograph, political cartoon, or painting.
You should follow the same steps for analyzing
the visual as you do when annotating the
passages:

Look for bias

Datedness
Position
Audience
Point of view
And usefulness to
your argument

Using Opposing Passages

It is always a good strategy to use passages that disagree with your

point of view, especially if you are dealing with an agree, disagree, or
qualify* prompt.

*Qualifying an argument allows room for reflection and interpretation

and is crucial to creating a strong ethos.
Categories of qualification:

Quantity: many, most, some

Frequency: often, usually, frequently
Probability: probably, unlikely
Proof: suggests, indicates, points to

One More Warning

Beware: do not put in so many
quotes that the grader cannot find
your argument.