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Dept. of
Geology
UNDEFORMED
DEFORMED
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS
Kinematic analysis is the reconstruction of movements
a
A. Rigid Body
Translation
B. Rigid Body
Rotation
C. Original Object f
e
a
e
d
D. Nonrigid Deformation
by Dilation
Dept. of
Geology
E. Nonrigid Deformation
by Distortion
II Strain
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS
Dept. of
Geology
II Strain
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS
NON-RIGID DEFORMATION
Dept. of
Geology
TYPES OF STRAIN
HOMOGENOUS
HETEROGENOUS
II Strain
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS
Dept. of
Geology
I
H
A. Homogeneous strain
B. Inhomogeneous strain
TYPES OF STRAIN
II Strain
1
LENGTHENING
II Strain
2
Angular shear () = 90-
tan = x/y = () = shear strain
Angular Shear
3
VOLUME CHANGE
II Strain
Deformed State
Dept. of
Geology
R = en
Strain
R=1
r = Sn
Deformed State
es tan
t
R
Strain
B. Shear strain
II Strain
STRAIN CALCULATION
Dept. of
Geology
LORIGINAL
LFINAL
STRAIN ELLIPSE
Dept. of
Geology
II Strain
STRAIN CALCULATION
Dept. of
Geology
II Strain
II Strain
Kasus Deformasi
Dept. of
Geology
SHEAR STRAIN
Dept. of
Geology
tan =
Equation
II Strain
B
1.0
Ad
S1
S1
', / )
.49
1 Unit
d = +15
2 d = +30
1.0
'1 = .42
'
.56
/
1.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
' '
SIN d
' '
2 d
1.0
'1 A'
'
Equals
Minus
' 3
' 1 + ' 3
2
''
COS d
II Strain
HOMOGENOUS DEFORMATION
Dept. of
Geology
II Strain
Progressive Deformation
Dept. of
Geology
SimpleShear
(Noncoaxial Strain)
L M
+22 S3
PureShear
(Coaxial Strain)
N
M S1
25%Flattering
S3
S1
+31
S3
S1
30%Flattering
S3
S1
+45
S3
S1
40%Flattering
S3
S1
Dept. of
Geology
Scale Factor
STRAIN HISTORY
^
S2 < 1
^
S2 = 1
^
S 2 >1
A. Regional scale
^
S1
^
S
1
perpendicu lar
to layer
^
S3
^
S2
100 m
A.
^
S
2
perpendicu lar
to layer
B.
C.
B. Outcrop scale
^
S
1
^
S
3
^
S
2
10 mm
D.
^
S
3
perpendicu lar
to layer
^
S
1
^
S
3
^
S
2
E.
100 m
F.
II Strain
Dept. of
Geology
Strain Measurement
Geological Map
Geologic Cross-section
Seismic Section
Outcrop
Thin Section
II Strain
Dept. of
Geology
Strain Ellipsoid
S1
S3
S3
S1
S3
S2
S1
II Strain
II Strain
II Strain
Dept. of
Geology
II Strain
Dept. of
Geology
II Strain
Dept. of
Geology
II Strain
Dept. of
Geology
Strating Size
and Sh ape
Field of
No Strain
1.0
Field of
Expansion
Field of Compensation
Field
of Contractio n
1.0
S1
II Strain
STRAIN DIAGRAM
Dept. of
Geology
k=
Y
X
A
K= 1
a=
Y
X
^
S
1
^2
S
Simple Extension
Constrictional
Strain
Flattering
Strain
Simple Flattering
^
S
2
b=
^3
S
K= 0
Flinn Diagram
II Strain
Flinn Diagram
Dept. of
Geology
S1
S2
S3
S3
S1
S3
S2
S1
II Strain
Dept. of
Geology
II Strain
Dept. of
Geology
= gap
II Strain
II Strain
II Strain
Yield Strength
After Strain
Hardening
C
300
Yield
Strength
Dept. of
Geology
Ultimate
Strength
A
Rep ture
Strength
200
100
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3
4
Strain (in %)
II Strain
2000
30 0
140
25C
Differential Stress (in MPa)
130
80
70
60
20 0
40
20
10 0
10
Strain, percent
12
14
1500
300C
1000
500C
500
700C
800C
16
10
15
Strain (in %)
II Strain
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hookes Law: e = /E, E = Modulus Young or elasticity
Newtonian : = viscosity, = strain-rate
Elastic strain
Viscous strain
Viscoelastic strain
Elastoviscous
Plastic strain
(Modified from Park, 1989)
II Strain
Dept. of
Geology
II Strain
Stress
Strain
Dept. of
Geology
II Strain
II Strain