ROLE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN INDIAS

POWER-MIX

SCENARIOS FOR TOTAL INSTALLED

POWER CAPACITY IN INDIA
(DAE-2004 AND PLANNING COMMISSION-2006
STUDIES)
1600
1400
1200

GWe

1000
800
600
400
200
0
1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

Year
DAE

PC_GDP-Growth 8%

PC_GDP-Growth 9%

2060

Nuclear Base & Pessimistic Scenarios Installed Capacity

300.00

250.00

Additional Import of 6
GWe

200.00

No Additional Import
beyond Kudankulam

GWe

NPCIL 40
150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00
1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

Year

2040

2050

2060

Three Stage Nuclear Power Programme

Globally Advanced
Technology

Globally Unique

Stage - II
Fast Breeder Reactors

Stage - III
Thorium Based Reactors

World class
performance
Stage I PHWRs
14 - Operating
4 - Under construction
Several others planned
Scaling to 700 MWe
Gestation period has
been reduced
POWER POTENTIAL
10,000 MWe

LWRs
2 BWRs Operating
2 VVERs under
construction

40 MWth FBTR Operating since 1985

Technology Objectives
realised

500 MWe PFBRUnder Construction

POWER POTENTIAL
530,000 MWe

30 kWth KAMINI- Operating

300 MWe AHWRUnder Development
POWER POTENTIAL IS
VERY LARGE
Availability of ADS can enable
early
introduction of
Thorium on
a large
scale

COMPARISON OF FUEL
CHARACTERISTICS

Calorific

value of fossil fuels (kcal/kg)

Domestic Coal: 4000, Imported Coal: 5400, Naphtha: 10500, LNG:

9500

Indian

uranium-ore contains only 0.06% of

uranium (Canadas 18%), but this provides
20

times more energy per tonne of mined material than

coal when uranium is used in once through open cycle in
PHWRs
1200 to 1400 times more energy per tonne of mined
material than coal when used in closed cycle based on
FBRs

1000

MWe Nuclear Power Plant needs movement

of 12 trucks (10 Te/truck) of uranium fuel per
year
1000 MWe Coal Power Plant needs movement of
3,80,000 trucks (10 Te/truck) of coal per year

External Costs for various Electricity

Generating Technologies

Worldwide annual per capita effective dose (mSv)

10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001

Natural
sources

Diagnostic
medical X-ray
examination

Atmospheric
Nuclear
testing

Nuclear Power
Production

Air pollution impacts (PM10) and other impacts

Relative environmental impact of different

Technologies of electricity generation
High
Biomass
Technologies

Low

Nuclear

Existing coal
technologies
no gas cleaning
New coal
Natural gas technologies
technologies

Wind

Low
Greenhouse gas impacts

High

Photovoltaic
Offshore wind
Onshore wind
Hypower
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Nuclear

OVERNIGHT COST @ 2003 PRICE LEVEL

1000
MW

1600
700
950

Source NEA/ OECD Study, India: NPCIL Study

1000

700

LEVELISED COST OF GENERATION

PAISE/ KWH AT 2005-06 PRICE LEVEL

Source MW
Cr/ MW Years
Lev/ Cost
Nuclear: 700
5.2
5
152
Coal : 500
4.0
3
164
Gas
: 500
2.7
2
182
Assumptions:
Discount rate: 5%, PLF 80%
Gas @ 3$/ mmBtu,Coal:Delivered Rs1344/T
If uranium is available at international
prices, levelised cost of nuclear generation
can come down to about 115

Fast Breeder Reactor

500 MWe Fast Breeder

Reactor Construction
launched on
October 23, 2014

ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR

5
2
3
6

4
17

1
5

8
1
0

7
1
1

12

16

1
1
3
14

BASIC DATA
FUEL : U-233/THORIUM MOX
+ Pu-239/THORIUM MOX
1 Secondary
Containment
COOLANT : BOILING LIGHT
2 Primary
WATER
3
Gravity Driven Water
Containment
4 Isolation Condenser MODERATOR : HEAVY WATER
Pool
5 Passive Containment POWER
: 300 MW(e)
Isolation Duct
920 MW(t)
6

Vent Pipe

7
8
9

Tail Pipe Tower

Steam Drum
100 M Floor

10 Fuelling Machine
11 Deck Plate
12 Calandria with End

Structured peer
review
completed
Shield

13 Header
14 Pile Supports
15 Advanced Accumulator
16 Pre - Stressing
Gallery
17 Passive Containment
Cooler

Pre-licensing
design safety
appraisal by
AERB in
progress

Accelerator based energy technology

Growth with
Thorium systems

Proton

Accelerator

Beam

Beam
Channel

Transmutation of
long lived
radionuclides
Fission
233
U Fission fragments

LONG TERM R&D EFFORTS NEEDED

Collimator

Compact High Temperature Reactor

INSULATION
HEAT UTILIZING SYSTEM INTERFACE VESSELS
CORE - ACCIDENT CONDITION HEAT PIPES

Fluid fuel substitutes

(Hydrogen)

GAS
RECEIVER

UPPER PLENUM - ACCIDENT CONDITION HEAT PIPES

UPPER
PLENUM

NORMAL OPERATION - HEAT PIPES

FUEL (U-233 Based)

BeO
GRAPHITE

PASSIVE
HEAT REMOVAL
GAS HEADER
REGULATING
SYSTEM
GAS HEADER

GAS GAP
COPPER/

Other high
STEEL
temperature heat
HIGH TEMP. MATERIAL
applications
LIQUID
METAL (Zn)

RADIAL
HEAT PIPES

HIGH 'K' MATERIAL

START-UP
HEATER

HIGH TEMP. Pb-Bi

RESISTANT MATERIAL
INSULATION

LOWER
PLENUM
POOL OF
MOLTEN
METAL

Pb/Pb-Bi COOLANT
CONTROL TUBE
DRIVER TUBE

REGULATING
MECHANISM

Steady state superconducting tokamak (SST-1)

Pictures of
SST-1
Tokamak at
IPR,
Gandhinagar

BASIC OBJECTIVE IS TO
STUDY PHYSICS OF PLASMA
PROCESSES IN TOKAMAK
UNDER STEADY STATE
CONDITIONS

SST-1 HAS BEEN FABRICATED

AND ASSEMBLED.
COMMISSIONING IS IN PROGRESS

Fusion Energy
India is a member of
ITER group

Schematic of the prototype

fusion breeder reactor

CHALLENGES AND
STRATEGIES

country of the size of India cannot afford to plan

its economy on the basis of large scale import of
energy resources or energy technology

Indigenous

development of energy technologies

based
on domestic fuel resources should be a priority for
us.

Nuclear

power must contribute about a quarter of

the total electric power required 50 years from
now, in order to limit energy import dependence
in percentage terms at about the current level.