INFEKSI BAKTERI

MUSKULOSKELETAL

OLEH
M.SABIR

BAGIAN MIKROBIOLOGI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS TADULAKO

BAKTERI YANG MENGINFEKSI

MUSKULOSKELETAL
Staphylococcus
Streptocuccus
Bacillus
Mycobacterium

STAPHYLOCOCCUS
Staphyloccocci - derived from Greek
stapyle (bunch of grapes)
Gram positive cocci arranged in clusters
Include a major human pathogen and
skin commensals

Grouping for Clinical

Purposes
1. Coagulase positive Staphylococci
Staphylococcus aureus
2. Coagulase negative Staphylococci
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Spesies yang penting dan sering

menimbulkan penyakit
S. aureus,
S. epidermidis,
S. capitis,
S. hominis,
S. saprophyticus.

Staphylococcus aureus
large, round, opaque colonies
facultative anaerobe
inhabitant the skin,
mucous membranes,
Spherical cells, irregular
clusters, gram positive,
lack spores and flagella ,
encapsulated.

The Enzymes of S. aureus

Coagulase
coagulates plasma and blood
causes fibrin deposited around staph cells.
stop action host defenses phagocytosis
produced 97% of S. aureus
Hyaluronidase, promote invasion spreading
factor
staphylokinase, digests blood clots
Nuclease, digests DNA(DNase); and
Lipase, help bacteria colonize skin surfaces.
Penicillinase, inactivate penicillin

The Toxins of S. aureus

Blood cell toxins
(hemolysins and leukocidins),
Intestinal toxins,
Epithelial toxins.
Alpha-toxin.
Beta-toxin;
Delta-toxin
Gamma-toxin.
Enterotoxins
Exfoliative toxin
Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)

Localized Cutaneous Infections

Folliculitis
Hidradenitis
Furuncle .
Carbuncle

Systemic Infections
osteomyelitis

Toxigenic Staphylococcal Disease

Staphylococcal scalded skin
syndrome (SSSS).

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Skin commensal
Has predilection for plastic material
Ass. With infection of IV lines,
prosthetic heart valves, shunts
Causes urinary tract infection in
cathetarised patients

Streptococcus
Arrangement beadlike chains, spherical,
rodlike, non-spore-forming, nonmotile,
form capsules and slime layers,facultative
anaerobes, production lactic acid, not
form catalase, peroxidase Colonies small,
nonpigmented, glistening. sensitive drying,
heat, and disinfectants

STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES
serious pathogen of
humans, relatively strict
parasite, inhabiting the
throat, nasopharynx,

Cell Surface Antigens

and Virulence Factors
Surface antigens (carbohydrates,
polysaccharides, teichoic acids) protect
lysozyme defense.
Lipoteichoic acid, for adherence to
epithelialcells
M-protein, resisting phagocytosis

Major Extracellular Toxins

Streptolysins, two types
are streptolysin O (SLO)
and streptolysin S
(SLS). (erythrogenic*)
pyrogenic toxin.
bright red rash typical of
this disease,

Major Extracellular Enzymes

Streptokinase, digestion
of fibrin play a role in
invasion.
Hyaluronidase, spreading
pathogen
Streptodornase (DNase)
hydrolyzing DNA.

Skin Infections
pyoderma or erysipelas;
pharyngitis or tonsillitis

Systemic Infections
streptococcal toxic shock syndrome,
rheumatic* fever (RF), acute
glomerulonephritis (AGN), carditis

Bacillus
Aerobic, catalasepositive, not fastidious.
habitat soil, medical
importance B. anthracis,
B. cereus,

Bacillus anthracis
largest , bacterial pathogens,
Nonmotile, rods, spores, virulence
factors polypeptide capsule and
exotoxins, cutaneous anthrax,
pulmonary anthrax capillary
thrombosis, cardiovascular shock.
septicemia can cause death in a few
hours. Gastrointestinal anthrax

Methods of Anthrax Control

Penicillin, tetracycline, vaccine,
effective vaccination requires
six inoculations given over
112 years, with yearly
boosters. Animals
that have died from anthrax
must be burned

Mycobacterium leprae
Causa leprosy, acid-fast
rods, cannot be grown on
nutrient mediums or in cell
cultures.

Diagnosis.
nasal mucosa scrapings, ZiehlNeelsen staining, polymerase
chainreaction

Therapy
Paucibacillary forms: dapson
plus rifampicin six months.
Multibacillary forms: dapson,
rifampicin, and clofazimine
two years.

Terima kasih

KUIS
1. SISTIM TUBUH DIBAWAH INI
YANG TIDAK TERBEBAS DARI
FLORA NORMAL,KECUALI ;
A. Hidung
B. nasopharyng
C. anus
D.paring
E,bronkiolus

2. INFEKSI KUTANEUS YANG

MENYEBABKAN INFLAMASI PADA
FOLIKEL, KELENJAR DAN
MENYEBAR ANTAR KELENJAR
DAN FOLIKEL YANG LAIN ;
A. FOLIKULITIS
B. HIDRADENITIS
C. FURUNKEL
D,KARBUNKEL
E.INFEKSI SISTEMIK

3. BERIKUT TERMASUK ENZIM

DARI Staphylococcus
aureus,kecuali ;
A. Hialuronidase
B. Nuklease
C.Lipase
D.Koagulase
E,Hemolisin

4. Kemampuan fagositosis spesifik

Streptococcus pyogenes sebagai
patogen serius adalah ;
A, M-protein
B. Toksin pirogenik
C. Streptolisin
D.sam teikoat
E.Polisakarida

5. Ensim ekstraseluler S.pyogenes

yang berperan menghancurkan fibrin
dalam rangka invasi ke jaringan ;
A. Streptodornase
B, Streptokinase
C. Streptolisin S
D.Toksin piogenik
E.M-protein