PURPOSES

OF SPEECH
ENGL: 135 SPEECH AND
STAGE ARTS

INFORMATIVE
The main purpose of this type of
speech is to present facts, knowledge,
or information
It is like trying to teach something to
an audience
Among the examples of this type of
speech are speeches about objects,

PERSUASIVE
Goes beyond informing the audience
about a certain subject
It aims to reinforce or change the
audiences belief or position of the
audience in a particular aspect
It works to make the listeners agree with
the speakers, and perhaps, to act based on

OCCASIONAL OR
ENTERTAINING
This type of speech aims to amuse the
audience or to get them to relax and
enjoy themselves.
It deals with the subject in a
lighthearted manner
An example is an after- dinner speech
that aims to make guest feel relaxed

TYPES OF
SPEECH
ENGL: 135 SPEECH AND
STAGE ARTS

A speaker must decide

not only about what
he/ she will say to the
audience but also how
to deliver his/ her

IMPROMPTU SPEECH
-delivered with little or no preparation.
One can speak impromptu only he/ she
has general knowledge or well- formed
opinions about the subject.
-must have schema about the topic or
idea being talked about

An impromptu speech has its

advantages and disadvantages.
-Its advantages are manifested in
its spontaneity which is highly
correlated with perceived
honesty, sincerity, and trust.
-A disadvantage of an impromptu
speech is it high potential for loss

POINTS TO CONSIDER IN DELIVERING

IMPROMPTU SPEECH
1. BE TIME CONSCIOUS
Even if you have only a minute for a brief talk, scribble a few
notes to avoid mental blocks.
2. BE ORIGINAL
State your opinion and use personal experience on the topic
mentioned.
3. BE OBSERVANT
Carefully observe your surroundings and respond appropriately
like agreeing or disagreeing with what other speaker said, as well
as connecting on the audience, the occasion and your topic.

4. HAVE A POSITIVE ATTITUDE

Bear in mind that audience expectations

are low. They know that you are not
prepared so they dont expect you to sound
like Ferdinand Marcos or John Kennedy.
5. KEEP YOUR COMMENTS BRIEF
Wrap up your speech neatly; dont
prolong your conclusion; say everything
you want to say and sit down.

PATTERNS OF IMPROMPTU
SPEECH
1. THE WHO- WHAT- WHEN- WHERE- WHY- HOW

PATTERN

Answer these six question words regarding the occasion

and the audience, and you come up with a speak
impromptu
2. THE CAUSE- EFFECT PATTERN
Describe the problem, trace the cause/s, identify the
effects and propose solution/s
3. THE PAST- PRESENT- FUTURE PATTERN
Reminisce the past, narrate the present, then predict the
future and you will not lose your audience
4. THE SPATIAL, DEDUCTIVE, INDUCTIVE AND OTHER
LOGICAL PATTERNS

EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
- delivered with some prepared
structure such as notes or outline.
- the speaker gathers information,
selects important ideas, and organizes
them in an outline, which serves as
the guide when delivering the speech.

MEMORIZED
SPEECH

-like it sounds, involves

reciting the speech from
memory
-the speaker has ample
time to write out and

These speeches are used in

oratorical contests and in formal
occasions like eulogies or church
rituals and in political situations.
They are learned by heart.
PRACTICE is the one and only
guideline for a memorized

MANUSCRIPT
SPEECH

- is reading the speech

word- for- word from its
written form or the
manuscript.
-what the speaker needs to
avoid here is mechanical or

GUIDELINE TO MANUSCRIPT
SPEECHES
1. Make your speech less formal, more repetitive
and more personal by using more adverbs,
adjective, and circumlocutions.
2. Short paragraphs must be used.
3. Have the manuscript speech typewritten.
4. Use stiff paper and number pages by hand with
large circle numbers.
5. Rehearse until you dont need to look at the
manuscript.
6. Take your time and concentrate on ideas than

BASIC SPEECHES
AND
SPEECHES FOR
ALL OCCASIONS
ENGL: 135 SPEECH AND
STAGE ARTS

SPEECH OF INTRODUCTION
-You may be asked to introduce a guest speaker or a
lecturer to an audience. Analyze the audience, the
occasion and the guest speaker.
-Ask the speaker ahead of time how he/ she wants to
be introduced.
-Be brief.
-Focus your speech on the guest speaker.
-Do not embarrass the speaker by extravagant
praises.

-an opener written to introduce the speaker and

the subject they will be talking about. It is
helpful to provide the audience with details of
the speakers background and achievements in
order to establish the speakers credibility with
respect to the topic
- in giving the speech, it is wise to remember
the following:
All the facts about the speaker are correct
The pronunciation of the name
Brief

WELCOME SPEECH
-you express welcome by identifying
the group extending the welcome and
the recipient of the welcome
-explain the reasons for the visit
-make complimentary remarks about
the individual or group you are
welcoming

FAREWELL SPEECH
-you express your genuine regrets
about leaving
- you indicate that you hold the group in
high esteem
-you predict future cordial relations and
conclude by wishing the group farewell

PRESENTATION SPEECH
-deliver the speech when you are presenting
an award, a prize or a gift in formal
recognition if an accomplishment
-first, talk about the origin of the award, its
background and what it is for. Then, talk about
the awardee and why he/ she deserves the
award
-if it is a prize for a competition, describe what

ACCEPTANCE SPEECH

- a speech to provide an expression of gratitude for

some form of award. An award is a symbol signifying
approval or distinction or an honor or reward which
has been given on the basis of merit, for excellence in
a specific field.
- courtesy requires that sometimes n acceptance
speech is necessary in response to such an honor. You
will need to sound grateful but not condescending,
modest but not retiring, and humble and not arrogant
- it must contain the following elements:
Brevity
Gratitude

INSPIRATIONAL SPEECH
- a speech to persuade, or convince the
listeners, that they can succeed. This might
involve relating optimistic and uplifting stories,
or anecdotes, based on faith or real life
situations taken from the lives or ordinary or
famous people from history, sports politics and
the business world
- the objective of an inspirational speech is to
provide the listener with the desire and
confidence to pursue difficult goals to

AFTER- DINNER SPEECH

- this entertaining speech makes
ample use of humor- appropriate
relevant and fresh humor
- you should speak with
animation and warmth
- you must be congenial and
sincere your delivery

SPEECH OF TRIBUTE
-you honor a retiring colleague with a
speech of tribute
-you should be positive
-do not relive unsavory experiences
with the person or organization
being celebrated
-be sincere

COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS
-this is the speech delivered by a
commencement speaker on graduation
day
-the speaker may be an outstanding
member of the university community
or an invited guest from outside the
institution
-the commencement speaker must

KEYNOTE SPEECH
-a conference or convention usually
begins with e keynote address,
which contains the objectives and
contents of the conference and an
overview of the entire proceedings
-the keynote speaker should be able
to motivate, arouse interest and

COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESSES
- commemorative addresses are speeches
delivered during special events, taking place
in memory of a person, an event, and so on
- the foundation of an institution,
anniversaries and admission to an
organization are examples of commemorative
situations
- present a background of the person or event
being celebrated, inspire the audience with
past achievements and make these a reasons

EULOGY
- a well- crafted speech intended to
commemorate a loved one who has died.
It is usually presented at a memorial
service or funeral by someone who was
close to the deceased and knows them
well
- it contains any or all of the following
a condensed life history of the person who has died
details about family, friends, work/ career, interests, and

- the most touching and

meaningful eulogies are
written from the heart. A
eulogy does not have to be
perfect. Whatever you write
and deliver will be
appreciated by the people

SPEECH- IN- CHARACTER

- a speech wherein you put into life a
character from a story, play or any other
forms of literature by throwing the lines
provided in the literary work. In most
occasions, the monologue of the
character chosen is the one that is
delivered.
- the speaker must internalize the scene
and emotion of the character in order to

SPEECH
PREPARATION
ENGL: 135 SPEECH AND
STAGE ARTS

SPEECH PREPARATION
A speaker has to prepare adequate for a speaking
task for public speaking to be an enjoyable
experience for him/ her and the audience.
A. Know the audience
B. Choose a topic
C. Determine the purpose of the speech
D. Gather information
E. Make an outline of the speech
F. Write the speech

A. KNOW THE AUDIENCE.

Make an audience analysis

You should consider what your audience want

to get from you. Make sure that your audience
will not waste their time listening to your
speech. You may be guided by the following
questions in making analysis of your audience.
1. What benefit will your audience get from your speech?
2. What is the composition of your audience in relation to
gender, educational preparation, age, religious affiliation,
political orientation and socio- economic status.
3. Will your audience find you credible as a speaker?
4. Will your audience understand the message you want to

B. CHOOSE A TOPIC
There are three basic principles mentioned by Brooks
and Heath in selecting a topic:
1. The topic to be selected is one in which you are
knowledgeable. A topic you are familiar with will save
you time in researching.
2. You must select the topic you are interested in. if
you are to choose a topic you are not interested in,
researching on it will be a drudgery, a bore.
3. The topic to be selected must interest the
audience. This will sustain their interest in the topic

C. DETERMINE THE PURPOSE

OF THE SPEECH
- you have to know the purpose of the
occasion. You also have to consider the
nature of the occasion. These will help you
decide on the topic that you will talk about
- after having defined the scope of the
speech, consider the general and specific
purposes of your speech.
- determine what exactly is the purpose of
your speech

D. GATHER INFORMATION
-you may have defined the topic
already, but you do not have
enough ideas to support the
subject. Then, conduct a survey on
relevant literature and their
supporting materials
-you should consider the

E. MAKE AN OUTLINE OF
THE SPEECH
- speech must have the following
parts: introduction, body and
conclusion
- you can choose the topic outline
(consists of words or phrases) or a
sentence outline (consists of
sentences)

GUIDE WHICH MAY HELP YOU IN PREPARING YOUR

OUTLINE
I. Introduction
A. Interesting Opening
B. Preview of the Speech
II. Body
A. Major Ideas
B. Supporting Ideas
III. Conclusion
A. Summary of the Major Ideas
B. Significant Closing

F. WRITE THE SPEECH

- Write your speech after you have
determined the scope and purpose of
your speech. In the organization of your
ides, observe the principles of unity,
coherence, and emphasis.
- present your speech in an appropriate
and clear language
- make your explanations precise and

SPEECH
DELIVERY
ENGL: 135 SPEECH AND
STAGE ARTS

Delivery consists of words, voice,

eye contact, facial expressions,
gestures, posture, and
appearance united in a single
pattern of expression which
contribute to effective speaking.

Establish eye contact

with the audience. It
conveys an interest in
communicating with
them.

 Facial expressions
should be appropriate
to the topic. The
speaker should look
pleasant and natural
while allowing

 Posture should also be

natural and comfortable.
The speaker should stand
up straight but stay
relaxed. Good posture is
essential to good

 Gestures are purposive

movements of the arms, hands,
head, or shoulders. They are
used to emphasize important
points. A speaker should try to
make gestures as natural as
possible and not overly dramatic

 The speaker should

look neat and clean.
Dress and appearance
should be appropriate
for the occasion, the

SPEECH DELIVERY
GUIDELINES

REHEARSE

- the best way to rehearse is to record your

practice session
- read your outline once or twice, until you
memorized the flow of your entire speech.
- practice the speech using the visual aids and
other materials you would be using during the
actual delivery
- repeat the rehearsal, until you achieved your

DELIVER
- on the day of the speech
presentation, you have to be relaxed
- show your sincerity and confidence
in your posture, movement and
gestures.
-recognize your audience with the
proper use of eye contact and facial
expression

STAGE
FRIGHT
ENGL: 135 SPEECH AND
STAGE ARTS

STAGE FRIGHT
-is also known as
communication
apprehension or speech
anxiety.
-considered a problem

TWO TYPES OF STAGE FRIGHT

1.FACILITATIVE STAGE FRIGHT- the level
of tension is moderate. This certain
amount of nervousness is natural and
it improves performance.
2.DEBILITATIVE STAGE FRIGHT- the
level of anxiety is intense, so selfexpression is inhibited and it can

REASONS FOR
STAGE FRIGHT

1. SHYNESS
- You may be naturally shy but
it can be overcome. Develop
confidence in your manner of
speaking and in your
actuations with people. This
will help you curb whatever
excess fears you may have of

2. UNPLEASANT PAST
EXPERIENCE

- Low self- esteem from

critical parents and a
traumatic failure at an
earlier speech

3. IRRATIONAL THINKING
- the beliefs that people
attach the events cause them
to feel nervous.
- Psychologist Albert Ellis
enumerate examples of
irrational thinking or fallacies
because of their illogical

A. OVEREXAGGERATION OR
OVERGENERALIZATION

The fallacy of
overexaggeration or
overgeneralization occurs
when a person blows a poor
experience out of proportion

B. PERFECTION
This fallacy about
expecting a flawless
performance is totally
unrealistic.

C. APPROVAL
This fallacy is based on
the belief that it is not
only desirable but vital to
gain audience approval.

D. CATASTROPHIC FAILURE

This is the belief that it

something is bound to
happen, it probably
will.

OVERCOMING STAGE
FRIGHT

1. BE RATIONAL
Think about the beliefs
which cause stage fright
and dispute any irrational
beliefs.

2. BE PREPARED
If you are well- prepared,
you will feel secure.

3. BE DETERMINED
-Determination is the key that opens the
door to success in all human endeavors.
Before you speak, run your opening lines
through your mind as often as you can.
- Success is usually the result of a
reasonably brave adventure into the
unknown. You can see yourself through,
if you are determined not to give up.

4. BE POSITIVE
Have positive attitude
toward your audience, your
speech and yourself as a
speaker.

5. BE RECEIVER- ORIENTED

Concentrate on the
audience, not on yourself.