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Chapter Six
Sampling Distributions

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McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sampling Distributions
6.1 The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
6.2 The Sampling Distribution of the Sample
Proportion

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6.1 Sampling Distribution of the

Sample Mean
x
The sampling distribution of the
sample mean is the probability
distribution of the population of sample
means obtainable from all possible
samples of size n.

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Example: Sampling Distribution of

Mean
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

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n = 3 Returns
in Sample
-36
-15
-36
-15
-36
-15
-36
-15
-36
3
-36
3
-36
3
-36
15
-36
15
-36
33
-15
3
-15
3
-15
3
-15
15
-15
15
-15
33
3
15
3
15
3
33
15
33

3
15
33
54
15
33
54
33
54
54
15
33
54
33
54
54
33
54
54
54

Sample
Mean
-16.00
-12.00
-6.00
1.00
-6.00
0.00
7.00
4.00
11.00
17.00
1.00
7.00
14.00
11.00
18.00
24.00
17.00
24.00
30.00
34.00

Sampling Distribution of the

Sample Mean
If a random sample of size n is taken from a population with mean
and standard deviation then the sampling distribution of the sample
mean
is

Normal, if the sampled population is normal

Has mean

x =

Has standard deviation

x=
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Effect of Sample Size on Sampling

Distribution

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Example: Gas Mileage Case

Probability that

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when = 31.
x 31.5531

The Central Limit Theorem

For sample size n sufficiently large, the population of all possible sample
means is approximately normally distributed with

mean x and standard deviation x

Random Sample(x1, x2, , xn)

as n large

Population Distribution

( , )
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Sampling
Distribution of
Sample Mean

( x , x

n)

Example: Central Limit Theorem

Simulation

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Example: Effect of Sample Size

The larger the sample
size, the more nearly
normally distributed is
the population of all
possible sample
means.

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6.2 Sampling Distribution of

Sample Proportion
If a random sample of size n is taken from a populationthen the
sampling distribution of the sample proportion
is
p

Approximately normal, if n is large.

Has mean

p = p

Has standard deviation

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p =

p(1- p)
n

Sampling Distributions
Summary
:6.1 The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
6.2 The Sampling Distribution of the Sample
Proportion

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