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Islamic Republic of

Pakistan

Ittehad, Tanzim, Yaqeen-e-Muhkam


"Unity, Discipline and Faith"

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Geography & Population


History
Religion
Government
Intelligence
Military
US Relations
Terrorism
Current Events

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National Flag

green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side;

a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field;

the crescent, star, andUNCLASSIFIED


color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Geography

Capital- Islamabad
Indus River- life line
All the rivers originate in India

K2 (Mt Godwin-Austen)
Khyber Pass -Afghanistan
Swat Valley
April 09 offensive

Sits at a crossroad between South Asia,


the Middle East, and Central Asia.
Borders with:
Afghanistan
Iran
India
China
Arabian Sea
About 2x size of California
Varied climate- mostly hot dry desert;
temperate in NW, arctic in the North.

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Provinces / Territories

Provinces:
1Balochistan
2North-West Frontier Province (NWFP)
3Punjab
4Sindh

Territories:
5Islamabad Capital Territory (IST)
6Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)
7Azad Jammu and Kashmir (or simply Azad Kashmir) (AJK)
8Northern Areas (FANA)

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Population Density
Top Population
Karachi- 13m
Lahore- 7m
Faisalabad- 3m
Rawalpindi- 2m
Multan- 1.5m
Hyderabad- 1.5m
Gujranwala- 1.5m
Peshawar- 1.3m
Quetta- 850,000
Islamabad- 670,000
*6th most populous
country in the world
(181m -2009 est.)
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History

Civilization can be traced back to the Mehrgarh Culture around 7000 BC.
The region has been invaded or been settled over the centuries by Aryans,
Persians, Greeks, Arabs, Turks, Afghans, Mongols, Sikhs, and British armies
and cultures.

Modern day Pakistan began its independence from British on 14 AUG 1947.
Disputes over boundaries led to the First Kashmir War with India in 1948.

Pakistan declared itself an Islamic Republic in 1956; progress stalled by a


1956 coup by Ayub Khan(1958-1969) and a second 1965 war with India.

1971- Pakistans third war with India led to the secession of East Pakistan to
become Bangladesh.

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History

1972-1977: Civilian rule under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, deposed by General Zia.

1977-1988: GEN Zia-ul-Haq -third military President until his death in 1988
GEN Zia was an ally of the US and was assisting in fighting the Russians in Afghanistan.
His death was believed to be an assassination by the KGB by releasing VX gas on a C130
during the flight; killing most of his cabinet as well as the US Ambassador to Pakistan and
BG Wassom, head of the US Military Aid Mission to Pakistan.

1988-1999: Benazir Bhutto, daughter of Zulfikar, elected first female PM of Pakistan.

1999: GEN Musharraf named himself President after his coup d'tat and appointed a
series of PMs
2002: Zafarullah Jamali elected PM; followed by Shaukat Aziz in 2004 and briefly by
Chaudhry Hussain.

DEC 2007: Assassination of Benazir Bhutto; resulted in a series of political changes.

18 AUG 2008: President Musharraf resigned; Asif Ali Zardari elected President.
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Religions

The religious breakdown of the country is as follows:


Islam 173,000,000 (96%)
(nearly 75% are Sunni Muslims and 21% are Shi'a Muslims).
Hinduism 3,200,000 (1.85%)
Christianity 2,800,000 (1.6%)
Sikhs Around 20,000 (0.001%)
The remaining are Parsis, Ahmadis, Buddhists, Jews, Bah's, and Animists.

2nd largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia


2nd largest Shia Muslim population in the world (after Iran)

General Zia-ul-Haqs remains are in a tomb on the Mosque grounds.


Faisal Mosque, Islamabad- largest in the country

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Government

Constitution: 12 April 1973;


suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December 1985;
suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002;
amended 31 December 2003;
suspended 3 November 2007,restored on 15 December 2007

Independence: 14 August 1947 (from British India)


National holiday: Republic Day, 23 March (1956)
Suffrage: 18 years of age- universal; joint electorates and reserved
parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims

Member of the United Nations and World Trade Organization.


Is a Nuclear State, but not part of the Nuclear Nonproliferation
Treaty.

Unemployment rate- 7.4%


24% of population below poverty line
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Government
3 Federal Branches
Executive
President
Prime Minister
National Security Council

Legislative
Federal Govt Ministries
Federal Ministers

Parliament
Senate
National Assembly
Leader of the Opposition

Judicial
Attorney General
Attorney Chief
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Government

President: Asif Ali Zardari


Serves as the Chief of State
Co-Chair of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP)
Widower of Benazir Bhutto (former Prime
Minister; assassinated on 27 DEC 2007)

Sworn in on 9 SEP 08 following the


resignation of President Pervez Musharaf on
18 AUG 08. Elections were held on 6 SEP in
which Zardari won a clear majority.

Zadaris election solidified the country's return


to civilian government after more than eight
years of military rule.

Presidential elections are for 5 year terms


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Government
Prime Minister: Yousaf Raza Gillani (PPP)
Assumed office 25 March 2008
Serves as the Head of the Government
The Prime Minister is selected by the National
Assembly.
Cabinet positions are appointed by the
President on the advice of the Prime Minister

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ISI: Inter-Services Intelligence

Director: LTG Ahmad Shuja Pasha


Took over in Sept 2008
Prior post was responsible for planning ops against Taliban and AlQaeda militants in the FATA and NWFP provinces of Pakistan.
Closely allied with the CIA
Anti-Taliban
ISI est. 1948 after the Indo-Pakistan War (First Kashmir War).
Pakistan's premier intelligence agency
Falls under the Military of Pakistan
Conducts intelligence analysis, gathering and dissemination between other
agencies and countries.

Gen Kayani, Army Chief of Staff


LTG Pasha, ISI Director
ADM Mullen
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Military

Army (including National Guard), Navy (including Marines and Maritime Security), Air Force,
Paramilitary Forces and Strategic Nuclear Command. (est. 1.5 million total)
Special Forces

Special Service Group (SSG)- Based off British SAS; est. 2100 men.
SSG Navy- Based of US Navy SEALs; est. 700-1000 men.
Special Service Wing- Based off USAF 1st Spec Ops Wing; est. 700-1000 men.

17-23 yrs of age for voluntary military service (soldiers can not deploy till age 18)
2009- AF and Navy inducted their first female pilots and sailors.
Approx 34,000,000 (m) & 33,000,000 (f) fit for service 2009 est.
Pakistan Armed forces were the second largest contributor to UN peacekeeping efforts with
more than 10,000 personnel deployed in 2007.. And the largest as of 2009.
Were part of the UN Coalition in the first Gulf War.
Frontier Corps (FC)- NWFP paramilitary group

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US - PAK Relations
Helped spearhead operations in Afghanistan to remove Soviet Union
Islamabad was major staging area for CIA led operations against the
Soviets
Prior to 9/11 PAK was a strong proponent of the Taliban.
After 9/11 under the direction of Musharraf, became ally of US and granted
US military airbases and posts to conduct operations against Afghanistan.
Since 2001, PAK has reportedly received 10 billion dollars from US.
US is expected to triple non-military aid to Pakistan to 1.5 billion per year
over 10 years
Named a major Non-NATO ally in the GWOT by Pres Bush in 2004.
Reported deployment of Blackwater / Xe Services LLC to NWFP in 2009.
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Terrorism in Pakistan
Tehreek-e-Taliban (TTP- Students Movement of Pakistan)
Main Taliban militant umbrella group in Pakistan
Began its formation in 2002 in FATA; DEC 2007 officially formed under
Baitullah Meshud.
Currently under the leadership of Hakimullah Meshud (no relation);
ISI claims he's a possible look alike brother since the real Hakimullah
was killed AUG 8th.

Brigade 313
Loose group of terrorist organizations to include LeT, Jaish-eMohammad, Taliban and Al Qaeda.

Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI- Army of Islam) / Jaish-e-Islami


Founded in 2004, currently headed by Mangal Bagh.
Operating out of the FATA; consists of Pakistani Taliban
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Terrorism in Pakistan

Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT- Army of the Good)


Active in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Afghanistan.
AUG 09 issued an Islamic dress code ultimatum to all colleges in
Jammu and Kashmir region of Pakistan.
Supported Al-Qaeda efforts in Afghanistan

Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ)
Formed in 1990s as a sectarian group targeting Shia Muslims.
Key ally of Al-Qaeda and Pakistani Taliban
Possible offshoot of SSP

Sipah-e-Sahaba (SSP- Army of the Friends of the Prophet)


Former registered political party in Pakistan
Focused attacks on Shiites
Credited with the AUG 2009 Gojra riots against Pakistani Christians

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Current Events

30 AUG: Suicide bomber killed 18 Pakistan police officers and seriously


wounded another 12 in the NWFP.
1 SEP: Swat Valley- Pakistan military operations killed 43 militants including
2 important commanders. 105 militants surrendered, to include 5 additional
commanders.
1 SEP: Increasing number of Blackwater personnel reported in Peshawar
and other NWFP/FATA areas. US and Pakistani officials deny the reports.
2 SEP: Pakistan Religious Affairs Minister, Hamid Kazmi, was shot in the leg
in a failed assassination attempt. His driver was killed in the attack.
5 SEP: Over 50 militants were killed by security forces in NWFP; 37 were
killed as part of an operation targeting Lashkar-e-Islam. Another 14 were
killed in Pakistani airstrikes.
8 SEP: Gunmen in NW Pakistan killed 4 Shia students in a sectarian attack.
11 SEP: TTP (Tehreek-e-Taliban) Spokesman, Muslim Khan, and 4 other
council members were arrested in the Swat Valley. Reported Fazlullah (TTPSwat Leader) lost his legs in a recent attack.
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30 drone attacks in 2009 so far; killing an estimated total of 460 people


Last month:
5 AUG: strike in S. Waziristan killing Baitullah Mehsud and his wife.
11 AUG: strike in Ladda village, S.Waziristan killed 10 militants.
21 AUG: strike on village of Darpa Kheil, N.Wz, reportedly targeting
Sirajuddin Haqqani (Pashtun warlord), killing at least 21 people.
27 AUG: strike on the Tapar Ghai area (S.Wz) killing at least 6.
8 SEP: drone strike kills 13 in N.Wz. May have killed Al Qaeda leaders
Ilyas Kashmiri and Mustafa al Jaziri as well as 3 Punjabi militants and 2
or 3 local Taliban fighters.
9 SEP: strike targeted Taliban compound in N.Wz killing 5 militants.
10 SEP: drone kills 12 militants and important commander in NWFP.

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BBC, 2009

Questions?

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References
CIA World Fact Book
Opensource.gov
Pakistan.gov
Wikipedia
CNN
BBC

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