Professional Documents
Culture Documents
General Ledger
May 2012
GL Overview
Sub Processes
Master Data
Transaction Processing
Account Analysis
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Table of Contents
GL Overview
Sub Processes
Master Data
Transaction Processing
Account Analysis
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Financial Accounting Organization structure
Client Operating
Concern
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Chart of Accounts
The Chart of Accounts
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Variant Principle Fiscal Year Variant
Variant Principle: Fiscal Year Variant
It is a three step method to assign SAP allows up to 16 posting periods which
properties to one / more objects reflect 12 months of the year & 4 special periods
Define variant (K4 Fiscal year variant) used for year end adjustments
Determine values for the variant Fiscal Year normally has 12 posting period & 4
defined. special period for year end closing transactions
Assign variant to objects : Assign Fiscal year can be Calendar Year ( Jan to Dec) /
variant K4 to object company code Not Calendar Year ( Apr to March)
SAP standard Fiscal Year Variant : K4 (Jan to
Dec), V3 (Apr to March)
Create a Fiscal Year Variant : OB29
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Variant Principle Posting Period Variant
Posting Period Variant
A separate variant for posting period is defined for every company code
One Posting period variant can be assigned to multiple company codes
System derives posting period from posting date.
To prevent documents from being posted to an incorrect posting period, we can
close certain posting periods. Several company codes can use the same Posting
period variant.
The account type + must be open for all periods that are supposed to be open for
all other account types. However a/c type (S/D/K/M) may / may not be open
Tcode : OBBO
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General Ledger Master Data
Master Data
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Master Data
Account Groups
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GL Account Groups
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GL Account - Creation
The GL account master record is divided into two segments: A chart of accounts
segment and a company code segment. General Ledger
Balance P&L
The chart of accounts segment contains the data that is valid for all company
codes T T T T T
T T T T T
t :
The company code segment contains data that is valid only for that company code.
gm p
T T T T T
M rou
Thus individual company codes can control their business processing
al g
ri t
requirements.
te un
o
Tcode to create a GL account:
cc
A
da l r
a
e tro be
FS00: centrally
nc n m
ta
re c nu
FSP0: in chart of accounts
fe g t
o
re in n
FSS0: in company code
u
er o co
Compan
th P c
t
O ut. k a
s
A an
y code
B
segmen
t
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G/L Accounts - Blocking
G/L Accounts are blocked at two levels
Chart of Accounts level
Company Code level
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General Ledger Transaction Processing
Transaction Processing
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The Accounting Documents
Each document consists of two segments: header and line items
Header :
The document header contains information that applies to the entire document
Dates, Document Type, Company Code, Currency, Reference
Line items represents an individual transaction posted to an account
Document Type
Document Type is defined at client level & applicable for all company codes
Document Type Controls:
Document Number Range
Reverse Document Type
Account Types Allowed (Asset, Vendor, Customer, Material, GL)
Required during document Entry ( Reference, Document Header text)
Tcode : OBA7
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Document Number Ranges
Each document Type is assigned a number range.
Up to a Future Fiscal Year : Beginning of next fiscal year system uses number following
the last number of the current fiscal year
For Each Fiscal Year: System starts with a new number each fiscal year
Tcode : FBN1
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Posting keys
A two-digit numeric key that controls the entry of document line
items. Specifies the following:
Which fields of the line item may have or require an entry (Field
status : Suppress, Required, Optional)
Tcode : OB41
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Posting in Foreign Currency
For every Company Code there is defined a company code currency. This is the local
currency.
Every document, posted in a currency other than company code currency, is processed
as a foreign currency document.
The foreign currency is converted to local currency and both are stored in the document
along with the exchange rate
Exchange rate can be entered manually or derived from Exchange Rates Table
(TCURR)
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Parking / Holding a GL Document
After entering the document it is possible:
To post it immediately
To park the document
To hold the document
Park:
Document number is assigned
It is considered for reports
Document can be found with any user ID
Hold:
Document is incomplete
No document number is assigned
It is not considered for reports
Document can be found under user ID which created it
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Reverse a GL document
Document is entered incorrectly and need to be reversed
Reversal Reasons: The reason for the reverse posting is noted in the reversed
document. The field is used only as information as to why a reversal was necessary
Documents with cleared items cannot be reversed. For this first reset the cleared
items in FBRA
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Transaction Demonstration
Perform standard GL account posting (F-02)
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General Ledger Master Data
Account Analysis
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GL Account Clearing
Automatic
Payment
Bank Statement
A typical example of an open item is, for instance, a bank clearing account.
A transaction is cleared when an offset value is posted to an item or group of
items, so that the resulting balance of the items is zero.
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Automatic Clearing Program
Open items for G/L Accounts, Vendors and Customers can be cleared
automatically by running the Clearing Program
There are five criterias that can be configured for automatic clearing. Normal
practice is giving ZUONR (Assignment) as one criterion. The sort key in the
vendor master defines the assignment field in the document.
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GL Account Analysis : Transactions
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General Ledger : Revision
Company code
Chart of Accounts
G/L Account Group
G/L Account creation
Fiscal Year Variant
Posting Period Variant
Open and Close Posting Period Variant
Document Type
Posting Keys
G/L document Posting / Hold / Park / Display
Manual Clearing
Automatic Clearing
Reset a Cleared document
Reverse a G/L document
Display G/L account Balance
Display G/L Line item balance
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Thank You
26
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