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GOOD MORNING

Presenter Name
GOOD
AFTERNOON
#
Betty Newmans
System Model

By:-
Mrs. Liza S.

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BETTY NEUMANNS SYSTEM
MODEL
Betty Neumanns system model provides a
comprehensive, flexible, holistic and system
based perspective for nursing.
It focuses attention on the response of the
client system to actual or potential
environmental stressors.

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BETTY NEUMANNS
SYSTEM MODEL
The use of primary, secondary and
tertiary nursing prevention
intervention for retention,
attainment, and maintenance of
optimal client system wellness.

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HISTORYAND
BACKGROUND
OFTHE
THEORIST

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HISTORY AND
BACKGROUND OF THE
THEORIST
Betty Neumann was born in
1924, in Lowel, Ohio.
Completed B.Sc. nursing in
1957, and M.S. in Mental Health
Public health consultation, from
UCLA in 1966.
She holds a Ph.D. in clinical
psychology. #
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HISTORY AND
BACKGROUND OF THE
THEORIST
A pioneer in the community mental
health movement in the late
1960s.

Began developing her health


system model, while a lecturer in
community health nursing at
University of California, Los
Angeles.

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HISTORY AND
BACKGROUND OF THE
THEORIST
The models was initially developed,
in response to graduate nursing
students expression of a need for
course content, that would expose
them to breadth of nursing
problems, prior to focusing on
specific nursing problem areas.
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HISTORY AND
BACKGROUND OF THE
THEORIST
The model was published in 1972 as A
Model for Teaching Total Person Approach
to Patient Problems in Nursing Research.
It was refined, and subsequently published
in the first edition of Conceptual Models
for Nursing Practice, in 1974, and in the
second edition in 1980.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MODEL
Neumanns model was influenced
by a variety of sources.
The philosophy writers de Chardin
and cornu (on wholeness in
system).
Von Bertalanfy, and Lazlo on
general system theory.
Selye on stress theory.
Lararus on stress and coping.
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NEUMANNS WORK & THE
CHARACTERISTICS
OF A THEORY
Theories can be the bases for
hypotheses, that can be tested.

Theories contribute to and assist in,


increasing the general body of
knowledge within the discipline,
through the research implemented
to validate them.
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NEUMANNS WORK & THE
CHARACTERISTICS
OF A THEORY
Theories connects the interrelated
concepts in such a way, as to create a
different way of looking at a
particular phenomenon.

Theories must be logical in nature .

Theories should be relatively simple


yet generalizable.
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NEUMANNS WORK & THE
CHARACTERISTICS
OF A THEORY
Theories can be utilized by the
practitioner, to guide and improve their
practice.

Theories must be consistent with other


validated theories, laws and principles
but will leave open unanswered
questions, that need to be investigated.

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BASICASSUMPTIONS
OFNEUMANNS
THEORY

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BASIC
ASSUMPTIONS
1. Each client system is unique, a composite of
factors and characteristics within a given range
of responses contained within a basic structure.

I am unique

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BASIC
ASSUMPTIONS
2. Many known, unknown and universal
stressors exist. Each differ in its potential
for disturbing a clients usual stability level
or normal Line of Defense.

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BASIC
ASSUMPTIONS
3. Stressors both universal and known; some
are unique to the client. They have potential
to disturb equilibrium, thus causing a change
in priority of needs at any given moment.

Stressors
disturbs the
normal
equilibrium

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BASIC
ASSUMPTIONS
4. Man is a composite of the interrelationship of
the four variables ( biological, psychological,
socio-cultural and developmental) which are at
all times present.

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BASIC
ASSUMPTIONS
5. Each client/ client system has evolved a normal
range of responses to the environment that is
referred to as a normal Line of Defense. The
normal Line of Defense can be used as a standard
from which to measure health deviation.

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BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
7. When the flexible Line of Defense is no longer
capable of protecting the client/ client system,
against an environmental stressor, the stressor
breaks through the normal Line of Defense.

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BASIC
ASSUMPTIONS

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BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
8.Primary prevention relates to general
knowledge applied to clients assessment
to identify stressors before they occur.
9.Secondary prevention relates to
symptomatology. These are
interventions generally initiated after an
encounter with a stressor.
10.Tertiary prevention relates to the
adaptive process, as reconstitution
begins and moves back towards primary
prevention. These are the interventions
initiated after treatment.

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MAJOR CONCEPTS
OF NEUMANN'S
THEORY #
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FOUR MAJOR
CONCEPTS

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1.Pers
on
Each layer consists of five person variable

or subsystems: Physiological- Refer to the

physiochemical structure and function of

the body. Psychological- Refers to mental

processes and emotions. Socio-cultural-

Refers to relationships; and social/cultural

expectations and activities. Spiritual-

Refers to the influence of spiritual beliefs.

Developmental- Refers to those processes

related to development over the lifespan.

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2.Environm
ent
The internal environment exists within the client
system.

The external environment exists outside the client


system.

A created environment which is an environment that is


created and developed unconsciously by the client
and is symbolic of system wholeness.

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3.Healt
h
Neuman sees health as being
equated with wellness. She
defines health/wellness as
the condition in which all
parts and subparts
(variables) are in harmony
with the whole of the client
(Neumann, 1995).
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3.Healt
h
The client system moved toward wellness
when more energy is available than is
needed.

The client system moves toward illness


and death when more energy is needed
than is available.

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4.
Nursing Neuman sees nursing as a
unique profession that is
concerned with all of the
variables, which influence the
response a person might have
to a stressor. The person is
seen as a whole, and it is the
task of nursing to address the
whole person.

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4. Nursing
Neuman defines nursing as
action which assist
individuals, families and
groups to maintain a
maximum level of wellness,
and the primary aim is
stability of the patient/client
system, through nursing
interventions to reduce
stressors.
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4.
Nursing
The role of the nurse is seen in terms of degree
of reaction to stressors, and the use of
primary, secondary and tertiary interventions.

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Primary
preventi Stress Stresso
on ors rs
Basic
Seconda structur
ry e and
preventi Line of
on Defense
Reacti
Tertiary on Stresso
preventi rs
Reconstitut
on Interventi ion
ons

The Neuman System Model (3 rd


edition, 1995)
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STAGES OF NURSING
PROCESS
(BY NEUMAN)

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NEUMANNS SYSTEM MODEL
FORMAT

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ACCEPTANCE BY THE NURSING
COMMUNITY

PRACTICE

EDUCATION

RESEARCH
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Conclusion
Introduction of theory
History and background of theorist
Development of model
Characteristics of theory
Basic assumptions
Major concepts
Applications in nursing practice

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FirstyearM.Sc.Nursing Tuesday,February21,2017 # 37

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