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DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

MICROBIAL
BIOCONTROL
Submitted BY:
N.Harini
NA-2015-032
MICROBIAL BIOCONTROL
BIOCONTROL:
The practice or process by which an
undesirable organism is controlled by
means of another (beneficial)
organism.
MICROBIAL BIOCONTROL:
Micro organisms and their products (toxins)
are employed by man for the control of
insects ,animals and plant pathogens
,weeds etc referred as microbial biocontrol.
MICROBIAL BIOCONTROL MAY INVOLVES

Use of microbial inoculations to suppress a


single type or class of plant diseases.
This may involve managing soils
To promote the combined activities of soil of
native soil-and plant-associated
microorganisms that contributes to general
suppression.
Biocontrol refers to the suppression of a single
pathogen or pest by a single antagonist, in a
single cropping system.
INTERACTIONS INVOLVED IN BIOCONTROL
MECHANISMS

Parasitism
Antagonism (Ammensalism)
Competition
Predation
PARASITISM

Parasitism is a symbiosis in which two


phylogenetically unrelated microorganisms
coexists over a prolonged period of time.
In this type one organism benefit (called the
PARASITE) .
Another organism is harmed called HOST.
Hyper parasites are those agents that
parasitize that plant pathogens, can result in
biocontrol.
PRODUCTION OF EXTRA CELLULAR ENZYMES

For example, biocontrol ofPhytophthora


cinnamomiRands root rot ofBanksia
grandisWilld. was obtained using a cellulase-
producing isolate ofMicromonospora
carbonaceaLuedemann & Brodsky
control ofPhytophthora
fragariaevar.rubiHickman causing raspberry root
rot was suppressed by the application of
actinomycete isolates that were selected for the
production of -1,3-, -1,4- and -1,6-
glucanases .
ANTAGONISM (AMMENSALISM)

One microorganism produces a substance


that is inhibitory to other microbial
population results in negative outcome for
later one.
Production oxygen may alter the production
of obligate aerobes.
Amo0nia produced during decomposition
inhibitory to nitrate oxidizing populations of
Nitrobacter.
COMPETITION
With in and between species results in
decreased growth, activity or fecundity of
the interacting microorganisms .
For example : when non-pathogens
compete with pathogens for nutrients in
and around the host.
Competition for carbon, nitrogen and iron
has been shown to be a mechanism
associated with biocontrol or suppression
ofFusariumwilt in several systems by
non-
pathogenicFusariumandTrichodermaspe
cieshere.
EXAMPLES FOR COMPETITION
Iron competition in pseudomonads has been
intensively studied and the role of the
pyoverdine siderophore produced by
manyPseudomonas species.
has been clearly demonstrated in the

control ofPythiumandFusariumspecies,
either by comparing the effects of purified
pyoverdine with synthetic iron chelators or
through the use of pyoverdine minus
mutants
siderophore produced by
manyPseudomonas species
PREDATION

Predation refers to killing of one


microorganism by another for consumption
and sustenance.
PREDATOR : refers to animals that feed at
higher tropic levels in microscopic world.
Eg : protists and mesofuana.
Fungal feeding nematodes and
microarthropods, that consume pathogen
biomass for sustenance.
Eg: Dinidium nasutum preys on paramecium.
Dinidium nasutum preys on
paramecium.
ADVANTAGES
Environment friendly and leave behind
any toxic residues.
Target specific pathogen .
Avoids unnecessary affect on beneficial
micro flora and micro fauna.
Most of them easily culturable in lab, with
minimum space.
Its mimicry of nature by releasing them
into an open environment.
Inexpensive to produce large quantities of
inoculum.
DISADVANTAGES

Necessary for careful and correct time of


application.
Host specificity of most pathogens,
narrows down its use.
Necessity to maintain a pathogen in a
viable condition.
Difficulty in some obligate and facultative
pathogens on a large scale.
Requirement of favorable environmental
conditions for the pathogens to act,
multiply and execute its mode of action.
Potential biological control agents need to
be subjected to extensive testing before
release into any environment.
APPLICATIONS
Bacillus cereus strains- produce antibiotic
zwittermicin-protect tomato and alfa-alfa
plants from various soil born fungi-
phytophora and pythium.
P.FLUORESCENS, PREVENTS BACTERIAL BLOTCH BY
COMPETING WITH P.TOLAASII.

P.fluorescens
TRICHODERMA VIRIDAE : AGAINST ROOT ROT,STEM ROT WILT, LEAD SPOT,
EARLY& LATE BLIGHTS, TIKKA DISEASES, DOWNY MILDEWS ETC OF DIFFERENT
CROP PLANTS.
Root rot Stem rot
Tikka disease Downy mildew

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